Steven Jobs Example

Digital Fortress Chapter 31 Free Essays

Susan came back to Node 3. Her discussion with Strathmore had made her undeniably on edge about David’s wellbeing. Her creative mind was going out of control. We will compose a custom article test on Computerized Fortress Chapter 31 or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now â€Å"So,† Hale rambled from his terminal. â€Å"What did Strathmore need? A sentimental night alone with his head cryptographer?† Susan disregarded the remark and settled in at her terminal. She composed her security code and the screen woke up. The tracer program came into see; it despite everything had not restored any data on North Dakota. Damn, Susan thought. What’s taking such a long time? â€Å"You appear uptight,† Hale said guiltlessly. â€Å"Having issue with your diagnostic?† â€Å"Nothing serious,† she answered. However, Susan wasn’t so sure. The tracer was past due. She thought about whether perhaps she’d committed an error while composing it. She started examining the long queues of LIMBO programming on her screen, looking for whatever could be holding things up. Robust watched her pompously. â€Å"Hey, I intended to ask you,† he wandered. â€Å"What do you make of that unbreakable calculation Ensei Tankado said he was writing?† Susan’s stomach did a flip. She gazed upward. â€Å"Unbreakable algorithm?† She got herself. â€Å"Oh, yeah†¦ I ponder that.† â€Å"Pretty mind boggling claim.† â€Å"Yeah,† Susan answered, asking why Hale had unexpectedly brought it up. â€Å"I don’t get it, however. Everybody realizes an unbreakable calculation is a numerical impossibility.† Sound grinned. â€Å"Oh, yeah†¦ the Bergofsky Principle.† â€Å"And normal sense,† she snapped. â€Å"Who knows†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Hale murmured significantly. â€Å"There are a bigger number of things in paradise and earth than are longed for in your philosophy.† â€Å"I ask your pardon?† â€Å"Shakespeare,† Hale advertised. â€Å"Hamlet.† â€Å"Read a ton while you were in jail?† Sound laughed. â€Å"Seriously, Susan, did you ever imagine that perhaps it is conceivable, that possibly Tankado truly wrote an unbreakable algorithm?† This discussion was making Susan uncomfortable. â€Å"Well, we couldn’t do it.† â€Å"Maybe Tankado’s better than we are.† â€Å"Maybe.† Susan shrugged, pretending lack of engagement. â€Å"We related for a while,† Hale offered calmly. â€Å"Tankado and me. Did you know that?† Susan gazed upward, endeavoring to shroud her stun. â€Å"Really?† â€Å"Yeah. After I revealed the Skipjack calculation, he kept in touch with me-said we were siblings in the worldwide battle for computerized privacy.† Susan could scarcely contain her mistrust. Sound knows Tankado by and by! She gave a valiant effort to look uninterested. Robust went on. â€Å"He praised me for demonstrating that Skipjack had an indirect access considered it an overthrow for protection privileges of regular folks everywhere throughout the world. You gotta concede, Susan, the indirect access in Skipjack was a mischievous play. Perusing the world’s E-mail? In the event that you ask me, Strathmore had the right to get caught.† â€Å"Greg,† Susan snapped, battling her annoyance, â€Å"that indirect access was so the NSA could interpret E-mail that undermined this nation’s security.† â€Å"Oh, really?† Hale murmured guiltlessly. â€Å"And sneaking around the normal resident was only a fortunate by-product?† â€Å"We don’t sneak normal residents, and you know it. The FBI can tap phones, yet that doesn’t mean they tune in to each call that’s ever made.† â€Å"If they had the labor, they would.† Susan overlooked the comment. â€Å"Governments ought to reserve the option to accumulate data that undermines the normal good.† â€Å"Jesus Christ†-Hale murmured â€Å"you sound like you’ve been conditioned by Strathmore. You know damn well the FBI can’t tune in at whatever point they need they’ve got the chance to get a warrant. A spiked encryption standard would mean the NSA could tune in to anybody, whenever, anywhere.† â€Å"You’re right-as we ought to be capable to!† Susan’s voice was out of nowhere cruel. â€Å"If you hadn’t revealed the secondary passage in Skipjack, we’d approach each code we have to break, rather than exactly what TRANSLTR can handle.† â€Å"If I hadn’t found the back door,† Hale contended, â€Å"someone else would have. I spared your posteriors by revealing it when I did. Would you be able to envision the aftermath if Skipjack had been available for use when the news broke?† â€Å"Either way,† Susan shot back, â€Å"now we’ve got a neurotic EFF who think we set back entryways in all our algorithms.† Sound asked priggishly, â€Å"Well, don’t we?† Susan looked at him icily. â€Å"Hey,† he stated, chilling out, â€Å"the point is debatable now in any case. You constructed TRANSLTR. You’ve got your moment data source. You can peruse what you need, when you need no inquiries posed. You win.† â€Å"Don’t you mean we win? Last I heard, you worked for the NSA.† â€Å"Not for long,† Hale tweeted. â€Å"Don’t make promises.† â€Å"I’m genuine. Some time or another I’m escaping here.† â€Å"I’ll be crushed.† At that time, Susan ended up needing to revile Hale for everything that wasn’t going right. She needed to revile him for Digital Fortress, for her issues with David, for the way that she wasn’t in the Smokys-yet none of it was his shortcoming. Hale’s just deficiency was that he was repulsive. Susan should have been the greater individual. It was her duty as head cryptographer to keep the harmony, to instruct. Robust was youthful and gullible. Susan investigated at him. It was baffling, she thought, that Hale had the ability to be an advantage in Crypto, yet he still hadn’t got a handle on the significance of what the NSA did. â€Å"Greg,† Susan stated, her voice calm and controlled, â€Å"I’m under a great deal of weight today. I simply get agitated when you talk about the NSA like we’re a cutting edge unwelcome voyeur. This association was established for one reason to ensure the security of this country. That may include shaking a couple of trees and searching for the rotten ones every once in a while. I figure most residents would readily forfeit some security to realize that the trouble makers can’t move unchecked.† Robust said nothing. â€Å"Sooner or later,† Susan contended, â€Å"the individuals of this country need to put their trust some place. There’s a great deal of good out there-however there’s likewise a ton of terrible blended in. Somebody must have access to every last bit of it and separate the privilege from wrong. That’s our activity. That’s our obligation. Regardless, there is a slight door isolating majority rules system from insurgency. The NSA monitors that gate.† Robust gestured mindfully. â€Å"Quis custodiet ipsos custodes?† Susan looked perplexed. â€Å"It’s Latin,† Hale said. â€Å"From Satires of Juvenal. It implies ‘Who will monitor the guards?’ â€Å" â€Å"I don’t get it,† Susan said. † ‘Who will monitor the guards?’ â€Å" â€Å"Yeah. On the off chance that we’re the gatekeepers of society, at that point who will watch us and ensure that we’re not dangerous?† Susan gestured, uncertain how to react. Robust grinned. â€Å"It’s how Tankado marked every one of his letters to me. It was his most loved saying.† The most effective method to refer to Digital Fortress Chapter 31, Essay models

Symptoms of PTSD After a Sexual Assault

Symptoms of PTSD After a Sexual Assault PTSD Causes Print Symptoms of PTSD After a Sexual Assault By Matthew Tull, PhD twitter Matthew Tull, PhD is a professor of psychology at the University of Toledo, specializing in post-traumatic stress disorder. Learn about our editorial policy Matthew Tull, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on September 28, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD on September 28, 2019 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes & Risk Factors Treatment Living With In Children MixMike / Getty Images   The term sexual assault refers to a range of behaviors that involve unwanted sexual contact, such as sexual molestation or rape. Sexual assault is extremely common. Large surveys of people in the United States, for example, have found that as many as one-third of women will be sexually assaulted at some point in their lives. Survivors of childhood sexual assault have an increased likelihood of being assaulted again in adulthood. The experience of an attempted or completed rape can have a tremendous impact on a persons life. If you have been raped, it is important to pay attention to any subsequent changes in your thoughts or behavior, as they can greatly interfere with your ability to effectively function in different areas of your life. Psychological Changes As might be expected, a person who has been raped will generally experience high levels of distress immediately afterward. For example, rape may bring about strong feelings of shame, guilt, anxiety, fear, anger, and sadness. There is a stigma associated with rape which may further increase feelings of shame. These feelings may subside over time for some people; however, others will continue to experience some form of psychological distress for months or years.?? In addition, a rape survivor may develop symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).?? For example, nightmares or intrusive thoughts and memories may occur. They might feel as though they are always in danger or need to always be on guard, and may distrust other people. PTSD is not the only mental health disorder that may develop after a rape. It has also been found that rape survivors are at high risk for developing substance use disorders, major depression, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and eating disorders. The risk for these disorders may be greater for people who have experienced a sexual assault at a younger age. Physical Health Problems A rape can bring on a number of chronic physical conditions. For example, women who have been raped have been found to be more likely to experience chronic pelvic pain, arthritis, digestive problems, chronic pain, non-epileptic seizures, and more intense premenstrual symptoms. This is not surprising given that traumatic events in general (as well as the development of PTSD) are connected with the development of a number of physical health problems. It is also possible for a person to contract a sexually transmitted disease during an attempted or completed rape, leading to other physical health problems. Not surprisingly, rape can also lead to reproductive health problems. A rape survivor may experience low sexual desire and reduced sexual behavior. If sexual activities are engaged in, they may not derive much satisfaction or pleasure from those activities and may experience pain, fear, or anxiety. Shame and guilt stemming from the rape can also interfere with the desire for and satisfaction from sex. Survivors of childhood sexual assault are likely to have more severe sexual problems. Penetration during the sexual assault will also increase the risk for more sexual problems.?? Unhealthy Behaviors Rape survivors often engage in risky sexual behaviors such as not using protection or having a greater number of sexual partners.?? In addition, in an attempt to cope with the intense unpleasant emotions that come from being raped, many people will develop substance use problems or other unhealthy behaviors (such as self-injury). They may go to great lengths to avoid situations that feel potentially dangerous and may shy away from television shows, newspaper articles, or conversations that discuss sexual assault.?? Treating Psychological and Behavior Problems For many rape survivors, these symptoms will subside over time. However, for some, these symptoms may linger and even get worse. Fortunately, there are treatments available that have been found to be very successful in lessening the number of negative symptoms that can develop after a rape. Two such treatments are exposure therapy and cognitive-processing therapy. You can find a therapist in your area who provides these treatments. In addition, social support and learning how to manage emotions in a healthy way can be very helpful. Finally, there are a number of helpful resources on the web for rape survivors. Two such websites are the Rape, Abuse, and Incest National Network and the National Sexual Violence Resource Center.

Joy Luck Club Sexism Essay - 713 Words

Sexism and Authority in Chinese Culture In Amy Tan’s The Joy Luck Club the reader is able to look through the eyes of a chinese woman in the 1980’s, a time when men were seen as the superior sex when compared to females, in this age when a man gave an order to a women it was to be followed without hesitation. Characters in the book like Lena St. Clair and Lindo Jong were exposed to the idea of Sexism in their culture as they all have gone through instances where their own desires and dreams had been crushed by a man. For Lena her experience came from when her own husband, who also acts as her employer, denied her a raise only due to the fact that if a woman ranked above men it would be ‘Awkward’. As for Lindo her experience came from when†¦show more content†¦Lena saw herself as not good enough for Harold as he was a man with authority while she was just a Chinese-American woman who couldn’t find her own voice. Denounced by her own family and treated as a plastic toy for a child b y another, Lindo Jong has also had her fair share of sexism in her life. Lindo’s very first interaction with sexism occurred when she was a child. Lindo was promised to the Huang family as a wife. Throughout Amy Tan’s The Joy Luck Club, it is very easy to see that the book revolves around this idea of sexism and authority in chinese culture. This is seen when Lena St. Clair isn’t allowed to get a raise because she is a woman, when she is happy someone is standing up to her husband because she feels she can’t and or shouldn’t talk back, as well as when she feels she is not good enough for Harold because of how she acts due to how she was raised. This is also seen with Lindo Jong when she is given away to another family just because she can’t control the future, when she tries to stand up for herself but is cast to the side as the boy is looked at more favorably, and when she loses grip of what she wants to do with her life because her husban d has Gavin Andreoff, Page 3 consumed her life. The main theme of The Joy Luck Club is Sexism an Authority because in every characters thereShow MoreRelatedThe Movie, The Joy Luck Club, By Amy Tan1563 Words   |  7 PagesIn the movie, the Joy Luck Club, by Amy Tan, we see many examples of the challenges of intercultural translations. The movie portrays cultural conflict between Chinese culture and the American culture as portrayed by the lives of four mothers and their daughters. The mothers were born and raised in China, adopting the high-content Chinese culture, while their daughters, born and raised in America, adopted the low-context American culture. This movie clearly brings out the cultural clashes andRead MoreSadie Hawkins Day and Valentine Grams18321 Words   |  74 PagesBy Felicia Jin ABC^2, Make-A-Wish and Chinese clubs sold Valentine grams and treats Feb. 9-13, bringing the â€Å"sweets to sweeties† and funding for good causes. The gifts were purchased during the week and distributed to classes today. ABC^2 (Academically Better Children’s Club) held a bake sale for the first time in the Main Hall and will be donating their proceeds to the St. Jude’s Hospital. â€Å"It’s hard to say how much money we’re trying to raise because it’s our first time, but we’re hoping for aRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesArendt, University of Wisconsin, Green Bay Anke Arnaud, University of Central Florida Mihran Aroian, University of Texas, Austin Gary Ballinger, Purdue U niversity Deborah Balser, University of Missouri at St. Louis Christopher Barlow, DePaul University Joy Benson, University of Wisconsin at Green Bay Lehman Benson III, University of Arizona Jacqui Bergman, Appalachian State University Anne Berthelot, University of Texas at El Paso David Bess, Shidler College of Business at the University of Hawaii Bruce

A Clean, Well Lighted Place By Ernest Hemingway - 1628 Words

In Ernest Hemingway’s â€Å"A Clean, Well-Lighted Place† the use of plot, symbolism, characters, and theme creates an intricate and complex story line. The elements of plot keep the readers engaged by guiding the reader though the story. Hemingway emphasizes on despair, loneliness, and isolation as major themes in his short story to help the reader understand the main idea. The themes represent the challenge of finding meaning in life. He also challenges the reader’s understanding of compassion though the character’s actions and thoughts. Throughout the story the reader can recognize Hemingway’s idea that as an induvial grows older their outlook on life changes significantly. The setting of â€Å"A Clean, Well-Lighted Place† takes place in a cafe, the street, a bar, and the older waiter’s house. The actions and dialogue between the main characters take place in the cafà ©. Here, the â€Å"clean and pleasant† setting creates a relaxed mood and brings a since of order into the story. The use of setting helps enhance the mood of the scenes by creating a polished atmosphere. This could also represent the old man’s attempt of connecting to others to create a feeling of normality. Hemingway uses the street to act as a background for each of the settings. This setting is briefly presented when the waiters talk about the soldier and a girl walking on the street. Even though the street is not very significant, it connects each setting in the story by linking them together. Another setting found inShow MoreRelatedA Clean Well-Lighted Place, by Ernest Hemingway990 Words   |  4 Pages Ernest Hemingway’s short story, A C lean Well Lighted Place, created literary controversy when it was initially published in 1933. During this time, there were several literary critics concerned with the dialogue inconsistencies. In the original story, the reader would not be able to distinguish between the two waiters. Hemingway failure to identify the characters by name leaves the story flawed according to the literary critics. Hemingway does not go into the mind of any characters butRead MoreA Clean, Well Lighted Place By Ernest Hemingway1640 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"A Clean, Well-Lighted Place† is possibly one of Hemingway’s most excellent short stories. It depicts the techniques of his signature writing style. The narrative is a perfect example of an initiation story, a short story that focuses on the key character that comes across a concept, encounter, practice or knowledge he never knew. The characters in his story are the old man, young waiter, and the old waiter. Hemingway employs a num ber of literary tools in the story to convey his themes of lifeRead MoreA Clean, Well Lighted Place By Ernest Hemingway1034 Words   |  5 PagesErnest Hemingway developed his own style of writing and follows it in â€Å"A Clean, Well-Lighted Place†. Hemingway’s elegance in writing is such that he indirectly gives all of the information to the reader without making any judgment; thus allowing one to create an opinion about every minute detail of the story. Hemingway illustrates his foundations of writing in â€Å"A Clean, Well-Lighted Place† by providing small clues that provide an indirect view of the larger meaning. Hemingway illustrates one ofRead MoreA Clean, Well Lighted Place By Ernest Hemingway1950 Words   |  8 Pageseverything humanity values in life is utterly meaningless. The author Ernest Hemingway is one of the few people who understands this concept of a pointless life. In his short story, â€Å"A Clean, Well-Lighted Place,† Hemingway reveals the principle of existentialism, that life is inherently meaningless and people must attempt to give their own lives purpose, through an analysis of the inner workings of life as a human. Hemingway first reveals life’s meaningless nature through a description of the coreRead MoreA Clean, Well Lighted Place By Ernest Hemingway1024 Words   |  5 PagesWhen profound emotions and heartfelt experiences lay beneath a narrative subtext, a simple short story can become an elaborate puzzle where one continues to discover new pieces. Ernest Hemingway’s, â€Å"A Clean, Well-Lighted Place† is a fascinating short story that has a powerful theme of ‘nothingness’ and ‘loneliness’ enveloped beneath its dialogue. This short story’s re-readability pulls us, the reader, back into its’ text just to discover that a specific character’s dialogue could elude to yet anotherRead MoreA Clean, Well Lighted Place By Ernest Hemingway1854 Words   |  8 PagesErnest Hemingway is a noble prize winner that is noticed as one of the great American twentieth century writers, and is known for works like â€Å"The Sun Also Risesâ⠂¬  and â€Å"For Whom the Bell Tolls†. When first reading Ernest Hemingway’s short story â€Å"A Clean, Well-Lighted Place† it seemed to be a plain, emotionless, and almost not finished short story. Although, as the reader looks deeper into the short story, they realize it’s not just about a clean, quiet, well lighted cafà © that has two employees thatRead MoreA Clean, Well Lighted Place By Ernest Hemingway972 Words   |  4 Pagesin a Clean, Well-Lighted Place Despair is an emotion that can rob one’s joy, inner peace, and eventually, life. The desire for serenity is usually sought after by a person whose life is futile and is at his or her wit’s end. That individual is usually left with no other alternative but to come to the realization that if he or she fails at his or her attempts (such as suicide) to alleviate despair, then the opportunity of finding peace and comfort is an alternative worth pursuing. In Ernest Hemingway’sRead MoreA Clean, Well Lighted Place By Ernest Hemingway849 Words   |  4 Pagesin life, and try to make rational existing in an irrational universe. The fact that humans are conscious of their mortality, and must make decisions about their life is basically what existentialism is all about. In the story â€Å"A clean, Well-lighted place† by Ernest Hemingway was about two waiters waiting to close up the restaurant/cafà © for the night. They only had one customer left, an old man who wa s deaf and drunk. But he wasn’t causing any trouble, just keeping to himself. The two waiters apparentlyRead More Nothingness in A Clean Well-Lighted Place by Ernest Hemingway1369 Words   |  6 PagesNothingness in A Clean Well-Lighted Place by Ernest Hemingway Man is often plagued by the question of his own existence. Existentialism is a subjective philosophy that is centered upon the examination of man’s existence, emphasizing the liberation, responsibility, and usually the solitude of the individual. It focuses on individuals finding a reason for living within themselves. The philosophy forces man to make choices for himself, on the premise that nothing is preordained, there is no fateRead MoreA Clean, Well-Lighted Place, by Ernest Hemingway Essay examples1296 Words   |  6 Pagesmeans by which we arrive at that goal. For Ernest Hemingway, the characters that he places in his stories are forever searching for peace. Much like in life itself, the achievement of temporary peace throughout the path of a lifetime can be both minute and momentous. The writer uses the literary devices of indirect characterization, setting and symbolism in order to enhance his final classification of peace. In Hemingways A Clean Well-Lighted Place, the author uses literary devices to define

The Main Cause of Global Warming Free Essays

Pollution Is not a simple problem that the world Is facing; actually pollution Is the reason behind the occurring of global warming. Global warming refers to the increase of temperature on the earth’s surface. For every action there is a cause and effect. We will write a custom essay sample on The Main Cause of Global Warming or any similar topic only for you Order Now Global warming is one of the biggest problems that the world is facing nowadays. There are many solutions that we can go for to prevent the massive problems that might happen later on in the future. Introduction: â€Å"We† as human beings we want to survive and live in a planet that might not be armful for our health. Sadly we’re not recognizing what damages we’re leaving behind us because of the several kinds of pollution that we made by ourselves. There are several kinds of pollution some are visible like air, water, and human pollution while others are invisible. Those kinds of pollutions are affecting our planet In a dangerous way that might lead us to a global warming one day. â€Å"Air pollution occurs when the air contains gases, dust, fumes in harmful amounts. † Air pollution is affecting humans health in a negative way like causing cancer, birth effects and genetic mutations. Air pollution is affecting our environment as well, since its affecting â€Å"the ozone layer in the atmosphere and it can increase the amount of ultraviolet radiation reaching the earth, where It damages crops and plants and can lead to skin cancer and cataracts. † According to the UNEVEN scientists, they estimated that the pollution in the cloud contributes to at least 700,000 premature deaths every year. This shows how the air pollution is affecting our environment and human beings. Some of the everyday things are the main things of causing air illusion like: automobile emissions, tobacco smoke, combustion of coal, acid rain, noise pollution from cars and construction, power plants, manufacturing buildings, large ships, paint fumes, aerosol sprays, wildfires, and nuclear weapons. To help the environment and the human health we should work on keeping the planet clean from air pollution. â€Å"The number one way to prevent air pollution is to walk or bike more and drive less. This will prevent fossil fuels from polluting the air. â€Å"Water pollution Is the Introduction of chemical, biological and physical matter Into argue bodies of water that degrade the quality of life that lives In It and consumes It. † Factories, refineries, waste treatment facilities, mining, pesticides, herbicides, fertilizers, human sewage, oil spills, failing septic systems, soap from washing your car, oil and antifreeze leaking from cars, household chemicals, and animal waste ar e the main sources that can cause water pollution. â€Å"The best way to prevent water pollution Is to not throw trash and other harmful chemicals Into our water supplies. Construction. Agriculture can cause land pollution because of â€Å"the local pests that have existed for hundreds of years along with the new invasive species so they are laden with chemicals that are not found in nature†. Soil pollution and waste disposal are examples of land pollution. Deforestation can cause land pollution as well because of the endless trees that people are cutting every single day and this causes the land to be imbalanced. Construction can release chemicals that can inhibit the growth of plants and animals. By decreasing the amount of papers we’re using we can decrease the amount of trees that we’re cutting every single day which this is the reason behind the land pollution. Global warming is happening now. Our planet temperature is increasing way more than it is supposed to be. Obviously â€Å"we† are the reason behind what’s happening in the world. Since we’re overloading our atmosphere with carbon dioxide it’s raising the planets temperature. Before its too late, we should follow some instructions to prevent the global warming from getting worse. How to cite The Main Cause of Global Warming, Papers

Multigenerational Workforce free essay sample

Abstract Managing a 21st century labor force is becoming more complex as the marketplace becomes increasingly global. It is vital that organizations understand the challenges and benefits of effectively managing a diverse workforce in order to maintain a competitive advantage. While diversity in the workplace can take many forms (race, gender, religion, etc. ) this paper specifically examines generational diversity. This is the first time in history where there are four generations employed in the workforce. As such, it is imperative that managers â€Å"recognize what motivates each generation to develop effective communication tools to minimize conflict, progressive HR and work-life strategies to attract and retain key talent, and management practices to enhance productivity† (Boston College Center for Work and Family). This primary focus of this research paper is to examine each generation’s values, preferences, and provides managers with ways to minimize generational conflict. When managers obtain generational competence, organizations are able to maximize their human capital by increasing employee knowledge and experience. We will write a custom essay sample on Multigenerational Workforce or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This new type of competence will provide organizations with a competitive advantage in the 21st century marketplace and beyond. Diversity as a concept in today’s business world focuses on a broader set of qualities than race and gender. Knowing how to effectively manage diversity in the workplace is one of the greatest challenges for 21st century managers. In the context of the workplace, valuing diversity means creating a workplace that respects and includes differences, recognizing the unique contributions that individuals with many types of differences can make, and creating a work environment that maximizes the potential of all employees. Historically speaking, this is the first time four generations of employees are active within the workforce: Traditionalists, Baby Boomers, Generation X, and Generation Y. â€Å"The plummeting economy is sending many workers back to the job market as layoffs and cutbacks abound; the massive losses of retirement savings are driving older workers back into the workforce in record numbers† (Lieber, 2010). Additionally, due to advances in healthcare, life expectancy has increased allowing workers to remain in the workforce well after retirement age. These are only three reasons for the four generations working together. While most research on the multigenerational workforce focuses on the differences between the generations, little has been documented regarding their similar values: family, respect, and trustworthy leaders (Boston College). When managing multiple generations, it is important to remember that managers must not use a â€Å"one size fits all† approach. If the generations in the workforce are managed effectively, â€Å"they create opportunities for collaboration and synergy among the different generations of workers, giving the organization a competitive edge† (Lee Hecht Harrison). Multigenerational Workforce It is an essential skill set for 21st century managers to understand what makes each generation unique, their expectations, values, attitudes, as well as the strengths and weakness each generation person brings to the organization. â€Å"These four generations of workers are now competing for and/or holding positions in the work-place, and may have to work with each other for as many as 10 more years (Cekada, 2012). With the right tools it is possible for the generations to work cohesively and give the organization a competitive advantage. Most generational conflicts arise due to a lack of understanding which is why examining the defining moments which helped to shape each generation within society will help to build the foundational knowledge for managing each group of generational employees. In order to fully understand how each generation might interact as an organizational whole, a clear understanding of what shaped each of the four generational groups individually is a critical starting point for any organization. Traditionalists. The Traditionalists are those workers who were born before 1946 and make up approximately 8% of the United States workforce. World War II, the Great Depression, Korean War, and the emergence of labor unions helped to shape their world growing up. They are extremely loyal to the companies that they work for and have a wealth of knowledge and work experience. Traditionalists have respect for their superiors and believe that their loyalty to their organization should be the basis for an employee’s climb up the corporate ladder. They feel most comfortable working for a traditional hierarchical business structure. TraditionalistsNeeds, approaches expectations. Traditionalists need respect and thrive on structure. They believe in working hard now and receiving gratification/rewards later. As previously mentioned they respect authority; are very task oriented; and have a strong work ethic. They prefer to have formal relationships with those positioned above them and expect their supervisors to tell them what to do. Traditionalists can be resistant to change, because they tend to believe that the current process works effectively. These individuals will put the needs of the company before what may be best for themselves as an individual. Traditionalists are more receptive to face-to-face interaction with co-workers as well as supervisors. Because they are the oldest employee generational group they tend to be resistant to wholesale change. However, many are still eager to continue learning about new technologies that are incorporated into the workplace. Managers must not neglect these workers from leadership and development trainings. Managing Traditionalists Currently the United States has over 1 million workers who are over the age of 75. These workers have a wealth of knowledge that if a company fails to transfer that knowledge to younger employees, that knowledge will be lost when Traditionalists retire. When managing Traditionalist employees, supervisors must respect the knowledge and experience these worker bring to the workplace. Larry and Meagan Johnson identified several ways that managers can effectively work with Traditionalists. They are: 1. Find interesting ways to get older workers engaged and to contribute their considerable experience, knowledge, and perspective 2. Show Traditionalists that you are willing to work hard to earn the loyalty of your elders 3. Be smart about and sensitive to what motivates older workers to perform, produce, and excel 4. Be creative and figure out ways to tailor one’s management approach to the very distinct working styles and preferences of older workers Traditionalists are the least technologically savvy generational group and as a result, may not feel comfortable using Internet, e-mail, web conferencing, and other social media tolls that are second nature to other generational groups. While they may not be as up to date with the recent innovations in technology, many are willing to learn how to use the new tools in the workplace. If management overlooks this age bracket because they think Traditionalists are too set in their ways. This can negatively impact productivity in the workplace, including fundamental training issues such as knowledge transfer. It is important for management to remember that Traditionalists must remain engaged with their work. These employees can â€Å"disengage if they believe the organization, management, or coworkers do not respect the value of a lifetime’s worth of experience† (Lieber, 2010). Baby Boomers Those born between 1946 and 1964 make up the Baby Boomer generation. These employees experienced the Vietnam War, the civil rights movement, and man’s first steps on the moon. This is also the first time that large numbers of women entered the workforce. Baby Boomers comprise 41% of the workforce and just recently reached the start of the â€Å"typical† retirement age on 1/1/11. While they are beginning to reach an appropriate retirement age, many have no intent on retiring in the near future. This group is known for challenging rules and place high value on personal satisfaction, obtaining high achievements and enjoys receiving recognition for their accomplishments. Baby BoomersNeeds, approaches, and expectations. Due to numerical dominance of this generational group, it is important for managers to retain these employees for as long as possible. Like Traditionalists, they have a vast wealth of work knowledge and experience that will need to be passed down to Generation X and Millennials. Baby boomers demonstrate a more independent work style than the other generational groups. Due to significant characteristic, managers must find a way to let them take ownership of assignments. This generation struggles the most with finding balance between their work and personal lives. Because this generation comprises the largest section of the workforce, retaining these workers and their knowledge is vital to management in developing and effective efficient succession-leadership plan. To facilitate the transition away from the Baby Boomer generation, it is important for managers to be aware that these workers will most likely remain in the workforce well past the normal retirement age. Managing Baby Boomers Baby Boomers enjoy being recognized for their achievements and often times do not enjoy sharing praise. While these employees have a more independent working style than their predecessors, â€Å"boomers promote collaborative efforts and prefer business decisions to be made by consensus† (Lieber, 2010). Much like Traditionalists, Boomers enjoy having loyalty to their company. It is important that these members are incorporated into mentoring programs to assist with knowledge transfer. When training this generation managers need to draw on employees past experiences, include case studies and facilitate discussion sessions. Generation X Generation X-ers (1965-1980) are considered to be the best educated of the four generations and make up 30% of working United States employees. They live to work, rather than work to live. â€Å"The emphasis of Generation X is more on close friends and virtual families than no material success or traditional associations† ( ). In addition, this generation marked the advent of the dual-income family. As such, Generation Xers elect to accept change rather than challenge rules like the Baby Boomer generation did. Generation X grew up with Operation Desert Storm, the fall of the Berlin Wall, AIDS, and the start of the video game era. Needs, approaches, and expectations. This generation expects managers to utilize direct communication where expectations are clearly stated and to take the time to â€Å"explain how successfully completing the task at hand can serve them† (Beekman, 2011). Managing Generation X. Generation Y (1981-1994) The youngest employees in the workforce, Generation Y otherwise known as Millennia’s, were born from 1981-1994. These employees comprise 21% of the workforce and this number is increasing rapidly as Traditionalists and Baby Boomers retire. It is also interesting to note, â€Å"the number of young people in the United States without jobs has exploded to 53. 4 percent – a post-World War II high† (Lieber, 2010). This generation likes to create rules for themselves and find it hard to separate their professional lives from their personal lives. September 11, the digital age, Enron, and web-based social networking all shaped the world for these employees. Generation YNeeds, approaches, and expectations. Unlike the preceding three generations, members of Generation Y are extremely devoted to their careers and have little loyalty to the actual company or organization. These employees look for meaningful work that will have a positive impact on the world and are always looking for a way to leave their mark. Generation Y has never known a world without technology and consequently they are able to adapt to the changes, especially in technology, that occur rapidly in today’s world with ease. They also have a much different view of workplace norms than their counterparts as they do not like to have their work environment limited by cubicles, corner offices, and walls. These employees expect employer’s to implement flexible working schedules to accommodate their busy lifestyles. Generation Y learns best by doing, rather than in the classroom as they tend to be visual learners. Immediacy is a high priority for this generation. It is important for older managers to not take offence if an employee prefers to correspond via e-mail or text as it may be the fastest way for communication and getting the task at hand done. Managing Generation Y. This new type of generation always needs to be engaged and challenged. Additionally, â€Å"they want their managers to relate to them and value their contributions† (Kyles, 2005). They require flexible work schedules so that they are able to have a good work-life balance as they do not allow their careers to consume them. They will need to have a connection with their organization and their purpose within the company must be well known. To assist with this, managers can explain to employees the importance of their job responsibilities and how they impact the company and the world around them. Because this group is digital natives, it is important that company policy regarding cell phone and computer use during work hours is clearly explained. This will allow them to be most productive during their work hours. Managing the Generations Customizing one’s managerial style to the specific needs and expectations from the four generations is a challenge in and of itself. One additional key area where conflict may arise between the generations in the workplace is the use of technology. Technology (Tracey Cekada) The advances in technology that the world has experienced in the past few decades have drastically changed the way the world does business. What previously took hours, days, weeks, or even months to complete can now be done in a fraction of the time. While the two younger generations have grown up with and are comfortable using technology, the Baby Boomers and Traditionalists may need some additional time to get acclimated to the advances in technology that have occurred in the past few decades. Managers must be mindful that effectively utilizing technology may not come as easy to older employees; they challenge should not be generalized t suggest that Traditionalists are incompetent. Rather, managers need to find a balance between having the older generations work with new tools so they feel comfortable by effectively training these employees irrespective of their chronological age. Knowledge Management In the upcoming two decades, Traditionalists will be removed completely from the workforce and with them a vast amount of knowledge and work experience. According Roxanne Stevens, â€Å"42% of corporate knowledge resides in the brains of the workforce, [and as a result], companies are directly and severely affected by the knowledge loss of their departing senior executives† (Stevens, 2010). It order to minimize the loss of knowledge, organizations should implement a mentoring program as well as having a well thought out succession plan in place. A mentoring program is one of the most effective ways to help bridge the generational gap in the workplace. This type of knowledge management will help Traditionalists feel valued and respected while they are mentoring a younger generation employee. Additionally, because Traditionalists and Baby Boomers have been in the workforce the longest they have been able to develop extensive business relationships. Generation Yers can also impart some of their technical knowledge onto some of the less familiar employees. â€Å"Generation Y employees should modestly offer their expertise and remain open to opportunities to glean knowledge from experienced colleagues in other areas† (McDonald, 2008). The relationships between different internal departments and external organizations can continue to be productive long after the Traditionalists and Baby Boomers have retired if these relationships are natured through succession planning and focused mentorship programs. Mentorships can go both ways Looking ahead, organizations must have a strategic workforce plan (SWP) in place. If an organization waits until their older workers have exited the workforce to begin looking for replacements, it will be too late and the success of the organization will be at risk. One way to ensure the company does not fall victim to this trap is to develop a very specific leadership-succession plan. This type of planning can take years to develop to ensure that the goal of hiring or promoting the most qualified replacement is met and exceeded in all key leadership positions. During the process, it is important that â€Å"HR practitioners need to ensure their companies engage in a process where experienced workers review the current procedures, policies, guidelines, and customer data and determine which are still valid and which need updating† (Jenkins, 2008). Knowledge transfer should be one of the top priorities of the leader who is planning to exit. Workforce Accommodations As a manager, it is important for companies to reasonably create choices within the workplace. Some reasonable accommodation choices can include: telecommuting, education, and flexible schedules. It is important that employees are provided with flexible options, when appropriate, for how their work-life will operate, while ensuring overall organizational productivity. This focused approach will foster higher quality of work-life satisfaction, and as a result, help with retaining quality employees throughout the organizational environment. Offering employees the option of telecommuting greatly helps the younger generations (X Y) balance their work and home lives. As more women enter the workforce, this can allow women to remain active in the workforce if they decide to take time of to have children, or take care of elderly parents as an example. Telecommuting is another great way for companies to continue to retain Traditionalists knowledge in the event that they are unable to physically make it to a worksite. Telecommunication can be cost effective for companies, as well as being environmentally friendly. Traditionalists and Baby Boomers may not be as eager as the other generations are to use this technological advancement as it minimizes actual human interaction. With a little training and development and an understanding for the benefits of using telecommunication in the workplace, depending on the job this is a very effective way to manage the generational gap. Ensuring that your organization has quality training for all employees is another way to reduce the possibility of generational conflicts. Training on diversity in the workplace is one way for employees to achieve an appreciation and respect for one another’s differences. The mentoring program mentioned earlier is one way that younger employees can learn business practices from the experience of their older mentor. All employees need to be included in trainings that are pertinent to their job position such as business process updates, policy changes, and new software implementation. Additional training, which is beneficial to employees, is leadership and formal educational training. By taking the time to invest in employees education organizations are investing in their future. Flexible schedules are another option for effectively managing multiple generations. â€Å"Flexibility is the key to continuing success when dealing with different generations existing, leaving and entering the workplace over time (Macon, 2009). Furthermore, by offering flexible schedule plans to employees, this can increase younger generations’ quality of work life and assist with providing work/home life balance. For the older generations, they should still be offered the opportunity to take advantage of having a non-traditional schedule even if they respectfully decline. More and more organizations are moving away from the traditional 9-5-business day. Managers are beginning to see that as long as employees are able to get their job assignments and responsibilities accomplished in less time, then there is no need to require them to be at the office longer than necessary. Providing flexible scheduling to older employees shows that you respect the time that they have invested in the company and are willing to work with them if they choose to increase their pursuit of personal interests. Regardless of the generation or combinations of generations that managers oversee, they must remember to keep all employees engaged in their work. Understanding the value that each employee can add to the success of the company should be maximized. Being able to listen and understand the different wants, needs and expectations of your workforce will play a large role in effectively managing the generation gap within any organization. By being able to tailor one’s management style to fit generational preferences, this will ensure the success of your human capital strategy which is essential to overall business success. Lastly, managers must remember that the â€Å"key stage in the diversity program will be measuring its results and effectiveness. That part of the process will help us examine our accomplishments with an eye toward improving our efforts† (Scott Jr. , 2007). If this final aspect is neglected, organizations are unable to see how successful or unsuccessful their programs were and are unable to make appropriate adjustments.

Steroids Essays

Steroids Essays Steroids Essay Steroids Essay Introduction Background Steroids, more specifically glucocorticoids, for illustration hydrocortisone ( the construction of which is shown below in 1 ) are on a regular basis used in clinical pattern due to their anti inflammatory belongingss e.g. injected into inflamed articulations or sinews. ( 1 ) They achieve this inflammatory action by the suppression of the enzyme phospholipase A2. This enzyme converts cell membrane phospholipids into arachidonic acid – a cardinal molecule in the creative activity of all eicosanoids. ( 1 ) Eicosanoid is a general term for a group of molecules embracing prostaglandins, thromboxanes, prostacyclin, lipoxins, leukotrienes and derived functions. ( 1 ) Prostaglandins were discovered by a Swedish adult male named Ulf von Euler. He isolated them from a sample of seeds and so assumed they were synthesised by the prostate secretory organ, hence their name. ( 2 ) They have since been found, along with leukotrienes to be built-in to the inflammatory response and in the causing of hurting, while lipoxins signal the terminal of an inflammatory period. ( 3 ) Thromboxane is a lipid that promotes the collection of thrombocytes from which it is produced ; it is besides a powerful hypertensive agent that increases blood force per unit area by vasoconstriction, prostacyclin holding an counter consequence. ( 3 ) As steroids inhibit the production of all these molecules, they have a really broad scope of effects in the organic structure. They prevent vasocodilation, diminish the inflow and activity of leukocytes and mononucleate cells, suppress the procedure of angiogenesis, prevent extra fibrosis, decrease clonal enlargement of T and B cells and diminish the action of cytokine releasing T cells. ( 3 ) Non steroidal anti inflammatories ( NSAIDs ) for illustration acetylsalicylic acid ( the construction of which is shown below in 2 ) work to battle redness in a more specific mode than steroids. They inhibit the enzymes cyclooxygenase 1 and cyclooxygenase 2 therefore forestalling the oxidization of arachidonic acid to PGH2 which is an intermediary in the production of prostaglandins, thromboxanes and prostacyclin. ( 1 ) This allows the production of other eicosanoids ( e.g. leukotrienes and derived functions ) to go on uninhibited. This gives the drug a more targeted consequence. These drugs are known to hold anti pyretic, anti inflammatory and analgetic effects. ( 3 ) Cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors ( for illustration Celebrex shown in 3 below ) are, once more, a much more targeted drug – merely suppressing the Cox 2 enzyme. ( 1 ) This has been shown to be good as the prostaglandins that are secreted into the gastro enteric piece of land ( GIT ) to protect against the potentially harmful low pH tend to be catalysed by the Cox 1 enzyme, i.e. the usage of traditional NSAIDs can take to ulceration in the GIT. ( 3 ) It has been suggested that all Cox enzyme suppressing drugs – but particularly cox-2 inhibitors increase the likeliness of thrombi forming, seting patients on these drugs at a higher hazard of holding myocardial infarctions, shots etc. ( 3 ) This is due to their suppression of prostacyclin, a lipoid that prevents curdling of blood. ( 1 ) An overview of the concatenation of reactions involved in the formation of eicosanoids and the action of steroids, NSAIDs and cox-2 inhibitors is shown below in 4. Connective tissue is a reasonably obscure term, split into three sub classs, connective tissue proper, unstable connective tissues and supportive tissues. ( 4 ) Connective tissue proper is so farther divided into loose and heavy conjunction tissues, depending on the figure of cells present and the comparative proportions of fibers and land substance. ( 4 ) All connective tissue proper contains fibroblasts, which secrete a substance called hyaluronan and assorted other proteins. Fibrocytes, Macrophages, Adipocytes, Mesenchymal cells, Melanocytes, Mast cells, Lymphocytes and Microphages are besides present in some but non all connective tissue proper. Forming a kind of web around the different cell types are fibers of which there are three types – collagen, reticulate and elastic. All three are created by the fibroblast cells from the proteins they secrete and maintained by fibrocytes. Collagen is a consecutive unbranching fiber that has unbelievable tensile strength that makes up about all of the composing of sinews and ligaments and is besides present in tegument. ( 4 ) Reticulate fibers are besides made of collagen but alternatively organize a heavy web like construction that is really strong and flexible. Elastic fibers are wholly different to the other two fibers, as they are made up of elastin. These fibers have the ability to stretch and return to their original size. An illustration of elastic fibers in the organic structure is the connexions between vertebrae. ( 4 ) Supporting all these constituent parts and filling in the spreads of connective tissue is ground substance. Ground substance is a clear, colorless extremely syrupy substance. This is good as it hinders the patterned advance of bacteriums and other pathogens through it and into the organic structure and besides aids phagocytosis. Purposes I intend to sketch the pros and cons of the clinical usage of steroids, not steroidal anti inflammatory drugs and Cox 2 inhibitors as anti inflammatories and anodynes when connective tissue injury is evident. aims To accomplish this I will turn up relevant research documents, critically measure their findings and explicate my ain decision sing their positive and negative effects in the organic structure, more specifically their effects on connective tissue fix and if their usage is good overall. Method Search I performed an electronic hunt of the MEDLINE ( 1950 to January Week 4 2009 ) database utilizing the OVID hunt engine. I limited the consequences to full text, English linguistic communication documents and used the cardinal words steroids, not steroidal anti inflammatory drugs, NSAIDs, Cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors, cox-2 inhibitors and lesion healing. These single hunts brought up an unwieldy figure of hits so I so combined each drug type with lesion healing. This narrowed the figure of documents down significantly, but was still unwieldy and on upon reappraisal of the documents, a batch of them were unrelated and referred to the effects of the drug on many different tissues. I wanted my reappraisal to be more specific, so I introduced another hunt parametric quantity – collagen. An illustration of the concluding hunt is shown below ( 5 ) , taken from OVID. I so searched utilizing the same keywords as before in Google Scholar. This hunt uncovered yet more relevant stuff that the OVID hunt engine had missed. Using the documents I had found in the aforesaid hunts, I analysed the mentions they had used to bring out any farther documents I could utilize that I may hold overlooked earlier. In add-on, a relevant degree of background cognition of the pharmacological medicine of the drugs involved and their physiological effects was acquired from text editions and internet resources. Consequences The consequences brought up by my assorted hunt techniques were chiefly drug tests in rats and mice. There were besides many existing reappraisal articles related to what I intended to research. Discussion Steroids As discussed earlier, steroids have a broad scope of effects in the organic structure, due to them suppressing the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of arachidonic acid, a substance from which all eicosanoids are created. Glucocorticoids affect the healing procedure well, and if injected after hurt, dramatically lower the figure of inflammatory cells, fibroblasts, the formation of land substance and sum of new collagen. ( 5 ) It was presumed that this was because of the steroid s repressive consequence on the inflammatory response, without which mending can non happen. It has now been suggested by a survey ( 5 ) that it is besides caused by the steroid s ability to stamp down the look of TGF B ( transforming growing factor ) and IGF ( insulin like growing factor ) cytokines. The survey was performed on rats. TGF B and IGF are cytokines that are released when macrophages take portion in phagocytosis at the site of a lesion. ( 6 ) # They work by conveying about the proliferation of fibroblasts, which as discussed earlier, are built-in in the production of collagen. The graphs below ( figures 6 and 7 ) show that there was a statistically important lessening in both TGF B and IGF when the rats were admini stered with steroids. Besides determined from this survey was that there was decreased collagen synthesis caused by a lessening in steady province cellular type I procollagen messenger RNAs . Overall, this survey indicates that the decrease of TGF B and IGF in lesions as a consequence of steroid intervention causes collagen deposition to endure. This would later do the healed lesion to be weaker and have a lower breakage strength. Clinically, these consequences are really of import, as glucocorticoids are normally used in postoperative patients, which puts them at a high hazard of impaired healing and infection. ( 6 ) Timing, dosage and length of intervention besides play a cardinal function in the suppression of proper lesion fix, with patients holding more post operative jobs with lesions if they receive glucocorticoid intervention preoperatively. ( 6 ) There is a correlativity between higher doses and more hurtful wound fix effects, while patients on a long class experience well slower lesion healing. ( 6 ) Despite these obvious negative effects of steroids, they are still widely used to handle many conditions for illustration in lower doses to handle adrenal lacks and at higher doses to battle assorted inflammatory, allergic and autoimmune diseases. ( 7 ) Non Steroidal Anti Inflammatory Drugs Relatively small work has been done on researching the effects of NSAIDs on lesion healing, but there are many theories as to how it could interfere with this procedure. A survey was conducted in 1996 ( 8 ) that investigated the consequence of a specific drug, ketorolac tromethamine, on the healing of lesions in male rats. This was achieved by mensurating the breakage strength ( 8 ) , collagen content ( 9 ) and tensile strength ( 10 ) of the freshly formed tissue. It was found in this survey that the breakage strength and collagen denseness of the trial subjects was much lower than that found in the controls ; nevertheless the tensile strength was non found to be lowered significantly. The lessening in interrupting strength is likely a direct consequence of the lowered collagen content ( 8 ) as collagen gives tissue snap and the ability to stretch to defy forces without interrupting. ( 4 ) As can be seen in the graphs, it is clear that this peculiar NSAID has a definite impact on the manner in which the tissue has repaired. It is possible that NSAIDs have a direct impact on the production of prostaglandin-E ( 8 ) , a eicosanoid involved in the production of colleganase, which maps in the dislocation and formation of new collagen fibers. ( 1 ) Another survey ( 9 ) has shown a lessening in hydroxyproline in the healed lesion tissue treated with a different NSAID, isobutylphenyl propionic acid. This is a important determination as it is a constituent in collagen that is indispensable to the formation of its third construction. ( 10 ) Another consequence that is likely to be related to connective tissue fix is the lowered production of glucosaminoglycan, a substance fo und in connective tissues for illustration sinews. ( 8 ) Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors As discussed earlier, cox-2 inhibitors are in consequence a more targeted version of traditional NSAIDs, for this ground, it would be a just premise that the scope of side effects is more limited. The consequences from trials from surveies refering cox-2 inhibitors show far fewer side effects and are about wholly barren of the jobs with wound fix associated with the other two drug types ( 11-13 ) . Some of the consequences are really interesting and present contradictions to informations from the surveies concerned with traditional NSAIDs ( 8 ) # . An illustration of this is shown in a survey performed to contrast the effects of NSAIDs and COX-2 inhibitors ( 11 ) . The information shows that upon disposal of Celebrex, a cox-2 inhibitor, the concentration of prostaglandin E decreases significantly ( shown below in 11 ) As discussed before, this lessening in prostaglandin E would theoretically ensue in a lessening in the collagen production at the site of the lesion. Despite this, information from the survey states that the overall healing procedure was unhampered compared to the control. It is stated that this could be attributed to the unchanged production of hydroxyproline ( shown below in 12 ) . In a different survey ( 13 ) negative effects on the healing of epithelial tissue were predicted. It states that although the drugs have negligible effects on lesion fix as a whole procedure, there is cause for concern as epithelial tissue is a peculiarly strong inducer of the Cox 2 enzyme. Despite this statement, the survey goes onto to confute this hypothesis, happening small to no difference compared to the controls ( 13 ) . Conversely, a similar survey performed in 2002 showed a slower rate of lesion healing ( although the healed lesion showed about indistinguishable features to the controls ) ( 12 ) . This trial was performed on mice. The consequences are highlighted in the graph below ( 13 ) . The dark saloon represents the cox-2 inhibitor treated mice, the white saloon traditional NSAID treated mice and the dark saloon is the controls ( i.e. untreated mice. ) If the surveies discussed here are all taken into history, it would look that cox-2 inhibitors have really small consequence on the healing procedure, simply decelerating it. Decision Remarks Steroids are really powerful drugs, and have a broad scope of perchance negative effects on a patient. The information from this reappraisal would propose that steroids are unsuitable for usage in patients with connective tissue injury, due to their impact on the healing procedure. NSAIDs are widely used in pattern for their analgetic belongingss and in higher doses to cut down redness. The information gathered to organize this reappraisal suggests that although there are negative effects on lesion healing, the usage of the drugs in a controlled environment ( i.e. as prescribed by a physician ) is warranted. A major concern would be that they are readily available over the counter , for illustration ibuprofen . As a consequence of this patients may non experience it necessary to unwrap this information to their physician, as they may non see it as of import due to the effects on lesion mending non being widely known. ( 8 ) # COX-2 inhibitors seem to hold negligible effects on lesion fix, yet exhibit about indistinguishable effects on the organic structure as a traditional NSAIDs, upon which they are based ( i.e. analgesia and decrease of redness ) . There is besides cogent evidence of the lessened hazard of developing stomachic ulcers, a complication associated with traditional NSAIDs. As identified in the debut nevertheless, cox-2 inhibitors put the patient at a much higher hazard of enduring a shot or myocardial infarction. There are obvious benefits and hazards in the usage of all the drugs discussed, and no grounds has been presented back uping the thought that the drugs are insecure if used in the right state of affairs. i.e. a patient with a predisposed hazard of myocardial infarction would non be given a cox-2 inhibitor, and a patient with a history of developing peptic ulcers would non be prescribed a traditional NSAID. In decision, after taking into history all the information gathered, despite their evident side effects, all the drugs discussed clearly have their topographic point in clinical pattern, if used carefully and the side effects are thought through with relation to the patient s status. Restrictions I believe a major restriction of this survey is the deficiency of clinical tests in worlds. I was unable to happen any research performed on worlds or human tissue, the bulk being on rats and mice. While this gives an estimate of how these drug types would interact in a human, it is executable that if the tests were performed in a existent human trial topic, the consequences would be wholly different. For this ground, it is possibly non advisable to give the consequences of this reappraisal much weight, until it is proven in worlds. Further Areas of Study Further survey would include the testing of the drugs in worlds. The proving for collagen content would affect taking a little biopsy of the lesion, but to find the mechanical features ( i.e. interrupting strength and tensile strength ) the lesion and environing tissue would hold to be removed and ripped apart. This is evidently ethically debatable, so a more realistic attack would to turn tissue civilizations and execute trials on these. This could supply another possible usage of root cells in research. 1. Ganong WF. Review of Medical Physiology. 22nd erectile dysfunction: Lange ; 2005. 2. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/555prostagland.html. [ cited 11th February 2009 ] . 3. Rang HP, Dale MM, Ritter JM, Flowers RJ. Pharmacology. 6th erectile dysfunction: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier ; 2008. 4. Martini FH, Nath JL. Fundamentalss of Anatomy and Physiology. 8th erectile dysfunction: Pearson ; 2009. 5. Wicke C, Halliday B, Allen D, Roche NS, Scheuenstuhl H, Spencer MM, et Al. Effectss of steroids and retinoids on lesion healing. Arch Surg. [ Comparative Study ] . 2000 Nov ; 135 ( 11 ) :1265-70. 6. Anstead GM. Steroids, retinoids, and wound mending. Adv Wound Care. [ Review ] . 1998 Oct ; 11 ( 6 ) :277-85. 7. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.uptodate.com/patients/content/topic.do? topicKey=~fpyFyamA5oQZAd. [ cited 2009 13th February ] . 8. Haws MJ, Kucan JO, Roth AC, Suchy H, Brown RE. The effects of chronic Torodal tromethamine ( ketorolac tromethamine ) on lesion healing. Annalss of plastic surgery1996 Aug ; 37 ( 2 ) :147-51. 9. Velasco M, Guaitero E. A comparative survey of some anti-inflammatory drugs in lesion healing of the rat. Experientia. [ Comparative Study ] . 1973 Oct 15 ; 29 ( 10 ) :1250-1. 10. Bansal M, Ananthanarayanan VS. The function of hydroxyproline in collagen folding: conformational energy computations on oligopeptides incorporating proline and hydroxyproline. Biopolymers. [ Research Support, Non-U.S. Govt ] . 1988 Feb ; 27 ( 2 ) :299-312. 11. Muscara MN, McKnight W, Asfaha S, Wallace JL. Wound collagen deposition in rats: effects of an NO-NSAID and a selective COX-2 inhibitor. Br J Pharmacol. [ Research Support, Non-U.S. Govt ] . 2000 Feb ; 129 ( 4 ) :681-6. 12. Futagami A, Ishizaki M, Fukuda Y, Kawana S, Yamanaka N, Futagami A, et Al. Wound mending involves initiation of cyclooxygenase-2 look in rat tegument. Lab Invest2002 Nov ; 82 ( 11 ) :1503-13. 3. Muller-Decker K, Hirschner W, Marks F, Furstenberger G, Muller-Decker K, Hirschner W, et Al. The effects of Cox isozyme suppression on incisional lesion healing in mouse tegument. J Invest Dermatol. [ Research Support, Non-U.S. Govt ] . 2002 Nov ; 119 ( 5 ) :1189-95. Steroids Essays Steroids Essay Steroids Essay There is a huge national concern over the misuse and abuse of anabolic steroids for enhancement of muscular stature and performance among competitive athletes.   Latest estimates have shown that approximately 5% of all high school students have used anabolic steroids, with almost half of the high students believing that these drugs are not harmful to their health.   Drug enforcement legislations have included anabolic steroids in its list of traffic-controlled substances (21 USC Sec. 801 1/22/02; Schedule III).   However, the bigger picture of the medical and research benefits of anabolic drugs have been overlooked due to the sensationalize media coverage of these drugs.   Current scientific researches are still inconclusive on whether anabolic steroids are extremely unsafe for administration, opposite to what has been actively claimed by anti-drug officials and government authorities.The Anabolic Steroid Control Act of 1990 (ASCA) was established to r egulate the distribution of anabolic steroids in the United States.   The Drug Enforcement Administration of the U.S. Department of Justice has been mandated to implement measures to protect the people from these dangerous drugs.   A four-part definition of anabolic steroids serves as a blueprint to identify any analogues of the chemical substance that may be uncontrollably dispensed to athletes and other youths.   The definition included substances that are chemically and pharmacologically similar to testosterone, estrogen, progesterone, as well as a very close likeness in its enhancement for muscle growth.   The Act classified anabolic steroids in the same category as barbiturates and LSD precursors and claim that these substances result in dangerous effects to the human body.   The Act declares that any individual caught in the possession of these anabolic steroids will be arrested and prosecuted.   The list of anabolic steroids in the Act is continuously being update d, as new versions of these drugs are progressively being created through the years.Anabolic androgenic steroids are testosterone derivatives that are mainly used for muscle and performance enhancement.   These drugs are frequently used by competitive athletes in order to achieve an edge or better control of their physical strength and performance during professional sports games.   Retrospective surveys indicated that anabolic steroids have been used since the 1960s to date (Duchaine, 1983), with current national user rates ranging from 3% to 9% among high school students alone.   The exact effect of anabolic steroids in the developing human body has not been fully studied, and the increase in number of reports of teenage athletes committing suicide has called the attention of the legislation to assess and review drug enforcement laws covering this specific drug.It has been reported that the prolonged use of anabolic steroids have may cause a number of adverse effects to the human body, including liver damage, gynecomastia, atherogenesis, psychiatric disorders such as aggression and violence, and even death (Balbigian, 2001; Brower, 2002; Glazer, 1991; Pope and Katz, 1990; Malone et al. 1995).   Investigations on the nationwide use of anabolic steroids have prompted Congress to establish the Anabolic Steroid Control Act of 1990, which mainly indicates that the non-medical employment of anabolic steroids is punishable by law.   Any violations will be penalized by at least 15 days to 5 years imprisonment and/or $1,000 to $1,000,000 fine, depending on the extent of the violation.   So far, the general public has supported the Anabolic Steroid Control Act, mostly due to the massive and militant media coverage of the topic.The Anabolic Steroid Control Act of 1990 classified anabolic steroids as any drug or substance related to testosterone and used for muscle growth increase.   They are Schedule III of controlled substances.   The Anabolic Steroid Control Act of 2004 amendment added hormone precursors such as androstenedione and androstenediol as controlled substances without a prescription.   Most anabolic steroids used in the United States come through the black market from other countries.   Even though sources may state the steroids are made by pharmacists and physicians, no one actually knows who produced them or how they were produced.  Ã‚   Some were produced in non-sterile environments while others may be for the use of animals but sold for human use.   Production of steroids sold illegally may have substitutions or other problems which can cause the contents to be dangerous even lethal.   Many sold via the internet are fake steroids which have contained cooking oil or toxic substances that produced methanol and/or blood poisoning.   Incorrect packaged doses and tampering of the product can also be suspected.   Since some users use more than one steroid at a time, dangers of consuming bad substances is increased.   You dont know how some of those ingredients will react together.Some research indicates anabolic steroid use may lead users to other illegal and/or legal drugs to counteract some of the side effects, especially for insomnia.   There is a limited amount of research and studies in this area.   A list of possible physical and psychological side-effects of anabolic steroid use has been reported.   These include coronary heart disease, which specifically increases the thickness and enlargement of the left ventricle.   Another side-effect is the decreased size of the user’s testicles, as well as the experience of immunodeficiencies.   The athlete who has taken anabolic steroids will also feel invincible and will actually show an aggressive behavior.   It has been reported the Hitler historically used anabolic steroids during World War II in order to increase his aggressiveness towards his troops.   In terms of damage to human health, anabolic steroids d estroy the liver as well as transform connective tissues to a condition that these are easily injured or torn.Adolescents taking anabolic steroids have been reported to show stunted growth and suffer from blood clots and insomnia or unusual sleep patterns.   In terms of the effects of anabolic steroid on an individual’s blood chemistry, there are reported that a user will experience an elevated LDL cholesterol level as well as a lowering of HDL cholesterol level.   Interestingly, adults taking anabolic steroids experience moderate to severe acne because anabolic steroids influence changes in his endocrine system.   An anabolic steroid user also faces the chance of acquiring prostate cancer at an earlier age.   Certain male anabolic steroid users observe that their breasts start developing and some users experience temporary to permanent infertility.   Other users have stimulated appetites, psychoses and mood swings.   Increasing the dosage and combining steroids a lso increases risks of possible side effects.   Some side effects can be reversed after stoppage of steroid use and other effects cannot be reversed.   It should be noted that the results of side effects may take months or years before they are apparent even after the individual has stopped using them.   Recent evidence indicates withdrawal symptoms occur in long-term users who stop using anabolic steroids.However, the actual negative effects of the use of anabolic steroidal drugs have not been comprehensively investigated to date, and that the reports that have been disclosed in the media have been isolated cases picked out from millions of cases of teenage users around the United States.   Scientifically, the adverse effects from the prolonged use of anabolic steroids remain inconclusive to date, and in actuality, anabolic steroid use has been shown to be beneficial in the treatment of medical disorders.   In one report, it has lately been determined that the effect of an anabolic steroid to the treatment of weight loss in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients is equivalently effective and safe as compared to the commonly administered recombinant growth hormone that has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (Storer et al. 2005).   In another scenario, the administration of an anabolic steroid has been beneficial in prostate cancer patients by preventing further migration of prostate cancer cells to other parts of the body (Guerini et al. 2005).   The anabolic steroid oxandrolone has been successfully used in the treatment of muscle loss in patients diagnosed with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and may be a potential powerful candidate for general treatment of such types of patients (Balagopal et al. 2006).Scientific research shows that anabolic steroids provide more beneficial effects than what has been claimed by legislation as serious, adverse effects to the human body.   More so, the negative reports that have asso ciated with the use of anabolic steroids have not been investigated scientifically and have only achieved much attention through the help of media and press coverage.   Therefore, it is imperative that the legislative bodies review the restrictions associated with the Anabolic Steroid Control Act of 1990 and fully determine the actual effects of anabolic steroid intake.   It is regretful to know that there are other drugs and activities that are much more deleterious or harmful to people but are not actively controlled by the Senate, including smoking, cosmetic surgery and over-the-counter drugs such as aspirin and ibuprofen, which has caused even more cases of deaths and hospitalizations that anabolic steroids.Based on the above information on the current status, knowledge and use of anabolic steroids, several advocacy groups have proposed that anabolic steroids be legalized for use in the United States.   In turn, these groups emphasize the need for further scientific resear ch to determine the mechanisms of action of each type of anabolic drug to gain a better understanding of its indications and contraindications.   There should be a comprehensive survey on the frequency of use of anabolic steroids across the human population, with stratified categories of users such as teenage athletes, geriatric patients, cancer patients, and so on.   Any cases that report any adverse effect from use of anabolic steroids should be properly documented and analyzed.   Should there be sufficient reason that anabolic steroids be stopped from circulation in the community, these advocacy groups are willing to review these effects once significant information has been gathered from reliable reports.;

Definition of the Pendleton Act - 19th Century History

Definition of the Pendleton Act - 19th Century History The Pendleton Act was a law passed by Congress, and signed by President Chester A. Arthur in January 1883, which reformed the federal government’s civil service system. A persistent problem, going back to the earliest days of the United States, had been the dispensing of federal jobs. Thomas Jefferson, in the earliest years of the 19th century, replaced some Federalists, who had attained their government jobs during the administrations of George Washington and John Adams, with people more closely aligned to his own  political views. Such replacements of government officials increasingly became standard practice under what became known as the Spoils System. In the era of Andrew Jackson, jobs in the federal government were routinely given to political supporters. And changes in administration could bring about widespread changes in federal personnel. This  system of political patronage became entrenched, and as the government grew, the practice eventually became a major problem. By the time of the Civil War, it was widely accepted that work for a political party entitled someone to a job on the public payroll. And there were often widespread reports of bribes being given to obtain jobs, and jobs being awarded to friends of politicians essentially as indirect bribes. President Abraham Lincoln routinely complained about office seekers who made demands on his time. A movement to reform the system of dispensing jobs began in the years following the Civil War, and some progress was made in the 1870s. However, the 1881 assassination of President James Garfield by a frustrated office seeker put the entire system into the spotlight and intensified calls for reform. Drafting of the Pendleton Act The Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act was named for its primary sponsor, Senator George Pendleton, a Democrat from Ohio. But it was primarily written by a noted attorney and crusader for civil service reform, Dorman Bridgman Eaton (1823-1899). During the administration of Ulysses S. Grant, Eaton had been the head of the first civil service commission, which was intended to curb abuses and regulate the civil service. But the commission was not very effective. And when Congress cut off its funds in 1875, after only a few years of operation, its purpose was thwarted. In the 1870s Eaton had visited Britain and studied its civil service system. He returned to America and published a book about the British system which argued that Americans adopt many of the same practices. Garfield’s Assassination and Its Influence on the Law Presidents for decades had been annoyed by office-seekers. For instance, so many people looking for government jobs visited the White House during the administration of Abraham Lincoln that he built a special hallway he could use to avoid encountering them. And there are many stories about Lincoln complaining that he had to spend so much of his time, even at the height of the Civil War, dealing with people who traveled to Washington specifically to lobby for jobs. The situation got far more serious in 1881, when newly inaugurated President James Garfield was stalked by Charles Guiteau, who had been rebuffed after aggressively seeking a government job. Guiteau had even been ejected from the White House at one point when his attempts to lobby Garfield for a job became too aggressive. Guiteau, who appeared to suffer from mental illness, eventually approached Garfield in a Washington train station. He pulled out a revolver and shot the president in the back. The shooting of Garfield, which would eventually prove fatal, shocked the nation, of course. It was the second time in 20 years that a president had been murdered. And what seemed particularly outrageous was the idea that Guiteau had been motivated, at least in part, by his frustration at not obtaining a coveted job through the patronage system. The idea that the federal government had to eliminate the nuisance, and potential danger, of political office-seekers became an urgent matter. The Civil Service Reformed Proposals such as those put forward by Dorman Eaton were suddenly taken much more seriously. Under Eaton’s proposals, the civil service would award jobs based on merit examinations, and a civil service commission would oversee the process. The new law, essentially as drafted by Eaton, passed the Congress and was signed by President Chester Alan Arthur on January 16, 1883. Arthur appointed Eaton as the first chairman of the three-man Civil Service Commission, and he served in that post until he resigned in 1886. One unexpected feature of the new law was President Arthurs involvement with it. Prior to running for vice president on the ticket with Garfield in 1880, Arthur had never run for public office. Yet he had held political jobs for decades, obtained through the patronage system in his native New York. So a product of the patronage system took a major role in seeking to end it. The role played by Dorman Eaton was highly unusual: he was an advocate for civil service reform, drafted the law pertaining to it, and was ultimately given the job of seeing to its enforcement. The new law originally affected about 10 percent of the federal workforce, and had no impact on state and local offices. But over time the Pendleton Act, as it became known, was expanded a number of times to cover more federal workers. And the success of the measure at the federal level also inspired reforms by state and city governments.

Organisation Behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Organisation Behaviour - Essay Example Without doubt, employees form the most critical resource in any organisation. Leaders are faced with the compulsion of managing human resource effectively in promoting the goals of the organisation. Leaders who appreciate the diversity in personalities exhibited by different employees cannot achieve this. There is a salient need for leaders to gain familiarity with different personality types by understanding their common trait preferences, strengths, and weaknesses. With such an understanding and appreciation, a leader can choose the effective management styles for employees with different personality types. In addition, the modern workplace exhibits a high level of diversity in terms of cultures. Therefore, leaders have to prove competency in managing people of different cultures. Since employees do not exhibit similar levels of performance, it is critical for a leader to be able to handle employees of varying capacities. This paper will discuss how a leader can prove to be compete nt when dealing with different types of employees. In order to manage type A personalities effectively, leaders should make efforts to understand their specific personality traits. Moreover, it is important to establish what they value most in their lives and things that they consider as priorities. Type A individuals are a unique set of personalities who are characterized by obsession with work and competitiveness. They exhibit a competitive spirit in everything that they indulge in. They are individuals who are determined to emerge as the best. They are unlikely to settle for less and prove to be extremely ambitious. Their ambition is what leads to an ardent obsession with work. They exhibit concern for meeting stringent deadlines and have a sense of urgency that defines their entire lives (Hanif & Sarwat 2011, p. 93). Usually, their sense of urgency may lead them to exhibit a high level of impatience, especially when things do not happen at the pace they want. Their impatience

Take home exam for the class (economics of race and gender ) Essay

Take home exam for the class (economics of race and gender ) - Essay Example Let us take the case of the United States: Azimzadeh says â€Å"most Americans believe in a three-class model - the rich, the middle class, and the poor. America is a diverse society considering its culture, economy, politics and ideology which make different levels of wealth, income, education, occupation and social behavior. It is not easy sometimes to classify certain groups or people in a certain class. One approach which is more common is based on cultural and economic diversity of the people and defines more of them in middle class† (2008). In terms of economics, those belonging to the upper classes have very high living standards and occupy top positions in government or corporate organizations, the upper middle classes composed of highly-educated and well-paid professionals also maintain good living conditions while the lower middle classes made up of semi-professionals or ordinary workers have to cope up with meager resources. In a political scene marked by free enterprise, the upper classes have more privileges and benefits that those who belong to the lower middle classes. They are accorded more rights and are considered more influential and have easier access to opportunities, income and other rewards. There is the so-called economic model of time use wherein households rationally and efficiently allocate time, typically through specialization of one partner in paid work and the other in unpaid work. The first condition is human capital which explains that men have more experience and education than women and biological differences, since women are those that bear children and care for them. The second is, the person with more power will do lesser unpaid work because household labor is less likable than paid tasks. The third is that although the experience and education of women have gone up during the past thirty years, they are still less paid compared to men. The fourth condition is that

queen victoria :: essays research papers

queen victoria was born in 1819 ands hs4e died in 1901. she was queen of the untted kingdom and empress of india.asjdfjasdlkfjslakdfjlll haskjfh hsadfhksadjfhksaf asdfhkshfksah sadkf ahdfdkafhksa ahfdj hakfdj h 'ahkdfj aif asj ahkfj hasi hsdfakf hafhu aisu hfasihf askjhriewt hiastu hai aiufh ak auf ha'jasdflkfja iaodsjf oasi ei fja joaisfj abjajg iagoii oaewitj oaji algjoia; aoijtr aoiej toia aoitj ao oaetj rao aoi tjoai oiat aoie wop aopt iaop hpaitr apTara Mulvihill Mulvihill 1 Mrs. Stambaugh English 351-4th April 9, 2002 Creative Paper â€Å"The Secret Life of Tara Mulvihill† â€Å"Good morning princess,† I heard a voice day in a British accent as I looked around the huge bed chambers where I found myself laying. â€Å"Where am I?† I whispered. â€Å"Well, you’re back home from boarding school. You were so tired last night you didn’t even say hello to your mother.† â€Å"Boarding school?† I thought to myself†¦.I don’t go to boarding school. â€Å"You need to dress, your mother is waiting to see you.† I slowly sat up and looked around. The room was gigantic. It was full of beautiful furniture and huge portraits. I wandered out of bed and over to the closet. I stepped inside and looked around. It was a long room filled with all the clothes I could imagine. I dressed and walked out into the hallway. The hallway was wide. On the walls hung more portraits of people I had never seen. Every so often there was a group of chairs placed symmetrically across from one another. There were so many beautiful a rchways and moldings. It was like a castle I had heard about in history. â€Å"Tara, Tara!† I heard a voice call. â€Å"I’ve been waiting for you to come home and hey you are not even coming to tell me hello. queen victoria :: essays research papers queen victoria was born in 1819 ands hs4e died in 1901. she was queen of the untted kingdom and empress of india.asjdfjasdlkfjslakdfjlll haskjfh hsadfhksadjfhksaf asdfhkshfksah sadkf ahdfdkafhksa ahfdj hakfdj h 'ahkdfj aif asj ahkfj hasi hsdfakf hafhu aisu hfasihf askjhriewt hiastu hai aiufh ak auf ha'jasdflkfja iaodsjf oasi ei fja joaisfj abjajg iagoii oaewitj oaji algjoia; aoijtr aoiej toia aoitj ao oaetj rao aoi tjoai oiat aoie wop aopt iaop hpaitr apTara Mulvihill Mulvihill 1 Mrs. Stambaugh English 351-4th April 9, 2002 Creative Paper â€Å"The Secret Life of Tara Mulvihill† â€Å"Good morning princess,† I heard a voice day in a British accent as I looked around the huge bed chambers where I found myself laying. â€Å"Where am I?† I whispered. â€Å"Well, you’re back home from boarding school. You were so tired last night you didn’t even say hello to your mother.† â€Å"Boarding school?† I thought to myself†¦.I don’t go to boarding school. â€Å"You need to dress, your mother is waiting to see you.† I slowly sat up and looked around. The room was gigantic. It was full of beautiful furniture and huge portraits. I wandered out of bed and over to the closet. I stepped inside and looked around. It was a long room filled with all the clothes I could imagine. I dressed and walked out into the hallway. The hallway was wide. On the walls hung more portraits of people I had never seen. Every so often there was a group of chairs placed symmetrically across from one another. There were so many beautiful a rchways and moldings. It was like a castle I had heard about in history. â€Å"Tara, Tara!† I heard a voice call. â€Å"I’ve been waiting for you to come home and hey you are not even coming to tell me hello.

My Life as a High School Student

My name is Mercedez JaNae Jordan and I am from Chicago. I am a very outgoing and passionate. I have been through a lot of obstacles in my life. I am taking this class to graduate on time and move forward in my life pursue my dream today. When I was little I my brother was almost kidnapped was a surreal and life learning. When I seen my brother being taken I was little but I still ran to save him. It thought me that you can never be too sure of a person and to always be careful who you invite into your life. When I was about seven my mother and my father divorced and it hurt a lot of people and me of course. That taught me that nothing last forever also love isn’t always true happiness. When I seen my father leave the feeling was bitter sweet because my mom was relieved and you could see her happiness in a long time but also because my father was no longer there to lean on. The last life surprise was my brother moving to California when I was like 13, I was so close to my brother it was sad to see him leave but it was the best for him. My brother needed a new start because he didn’t understand the value of him mistakes but he was my best friend so he no longer in my life was so surreal. I have seen a lot of things in my life that a lot of people will never see in theirs. I am 18 years old and have a lot of hopes and dreams and plan to accomplish every single one of them.

A Sociological Perspective On The Shawshank Redemption Movie

The Shawshank Redemption movie is about a man named Andy Dufresne who was falsely accused of murder and was sentenced to life in prison for the murders of his wife and her lover. Being in jail, Andy faced many problems of being abused, but he also gained a strong friendship with a man named Red. Many of the things that the prisoners had to face showed a sociological perspective on how life was in jail and how it affected the prisoners. In Shawshank prison, the functionalism theory, the conflict perspective, and the control theory shows the life and adjustments a prisoner has to make in order to survive going into a new world. Going into prison, a man becomes institutionalized from the outside world. The life that they once lived is now different from the life they live. The functionalism theory is a sociological perspective that can be described as a society that is built where one’s individual needs are meet. According to Talcott Parsons, societies must meet social needs in o rder to survive. In the prison, every man has to adapt to his surroundings and they have to know how to survive in a new, terrifying place. Andy came into prison not knowing what he was in for and he had to adapt, in order to survive. He gained friendship and started to use his knowledge to his advantage. Another example would be Brooks; he represents a key point in functionalism. After being institutionalized for fifty years, Brooks was a free man, but he had missed out on how life has changed,Show MoreRelatedThe Shawshank Redemption By Frank Darabont1910 Words   |  8 PagesThe Shawshank Redemption is an American film written and directed by Frank Darabont. It was filmed the United States—specifically Maine—but the Ohio State Reformatory was set as the fictional Shawshank Prison and in 1994, Castle Rock Entertainment produced the film. Overview and Relevance The general perspective of the film is portrayed through the lives and stories of many of the prisoners of Shawshank. So the general perspective is of different prisoners of different backgrounds, who committedRead MoreThe Film Shawshank Redemption We Learn About A Man Who Is An Educated Essay946 Words   |  4 Pages In the film Shawshank Redemption we learn about a man who is an educated, professional banker by trade, who finds himself in a situation in which he chooses to secretly follow his beautiful wife knowing she is having an affair with the golf pro who works at their country club. One evening, Andy, the banker, decides to bring a gun along with him as he follows his wife and the golf pro. He stops at a couple of bars and proceeds to become inebriated. Andy is clearly a man whom by all means wouldRead MoreSymbolic Interactionism In The Shawshank Redemption793 Words   |  4 PagesAs we have studied other perspectives concerning the relation between the Self and Society and their definitions of these terms according to them, we will focus and use Symbolic Interactionism to analyze the movie The Shawshank Redemption (1994). After introducing the the perspective’s paradigm, and explaining it’s three main authors George Meade, Charles H. Cooley and Erving Goffman, we focu s on their application to the movie’s principal character, Andy Dusfrene. First by interesting ourselves on