Steven Jobs Example

Digital Fortress Chapter 31 Free Essays

Susan came back to Node 3. Her discussion with Strathmore had made her undeniably on edge about David’s wellbeing. Her creative mind was going out of control. We will compose a custom article test on Computerized Fortress Chapter 31 or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now â€Å"So,† Hale rambled from his terminal. â€Å"What did Strathmore need? A sentimental night alone with his head cryptographer?† Susan disregarded the remark and settled in at her terminal. She composed her security code and the screen woke up. The tracer program came into see; it despite everything had not restored any data on North Dakota. Damn, Susan thought. What’s taking such a long time? â€Å"You appear uptight,† Hale said guiltlessly. â€Å"Having issue with your diagnostic?† â€Å"Nothing serious,† she answered. However, Susan wasn’t so sure. The tracer was past due. She thought about whether perhaps she’d committed an error while composing it. She started examining the long queues of LIMBO programming on her screen, looking for whatever could be holding things up. Robust watched her pompously. â€Å"Hey, I intended to ask you,† he wandered. â€Å"What do you make of that unbreakable calculation Ensei Tankado said he was writing?† Susan’s stomach did a flip. She gazed upward. â€Å"Unbreakable algorithm?† She got herself. â€Å"Oh, yeah†¦ I ponder that.† â€Å"Pretty mind boggling claim.† â€Å"Yeah,† Susan answered, asking why Hale had unexpectedly brought it up. â€Å"I don’t get it, however. Everybody realizes an unbreakable calculation is a numerical impossibility.† Sound grinned. â€Å"Oh, yeah†¦ the Bergofsky Principle.† â€Å"And normal sense,† she snapped. â€Å"Who knows†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Hale murmured significantly. â€Å"There are a bigger number of things in paradise and earth than are longed for in your philosophy.† â€Å"I ask your pardon?† â€Å"Shakespeare,† Hale advertised. â€Å"Hamlet.† â€Å"Read a ton while you were in jail?† Sound laughed. â€Å"Seriously, Susan, did you ever imagine that perhaps it is conceivable, that possibly Tankado truly wrote an unbreakable algorithm?† This discussion was making Susan uncomfortable. â€Å"Well, we couldn’t do it.† â€Å"Maybe Tankado’s better than we are.† â€Å"Maybe.† Susan shrugged, pretending lack of engagement. â€Å"We related for a while,† Hale offered calmly. â€Å"Tankado and me. Did you know that?† Susan gazed upward, endeavoring to shroud her stun. â€Å"Really?† â€Å"Yeah. After I revealed the Skipjack calculation, he kept in touch with me-said we were siblings in the worldwide battle for computerized privacy.† Susan could scarcely contain her mistrust. Sound knows Tankado by and by! She gave a valiant effort to look uninterested. Robust went on. â€Å"He praised me for demonstrating that Skipjack had an indirect access considered it an overthrow for protection privileges of regular folks everywhere throughout the world. You gotta concede, Susan, the indirect access in Skipjack was a mischievous play. Perusing the world’s E-mail? In the event that you ask me, Strathmore had the right to get caught.† â€Å"Greg,† Susan snapped, battling her annoyance, â€Å"that indirect access was so the NSA could interpret E-mail that undermined this nation’s security.† â€Å"Oh, really?† Hale murmured guiltlessly. â€Å"And sneaking around the normal resident was only a fortunate by-product?† â€Å"We don’t sneak normal residents, and you know it. The FBI can tap phones, yet that doesn’t mean they tune in to each call that’s ever made.† â€Å"If they had the labor, they would.† Susan overlooked the comment. â€Å"Governments ought to reserve the option to accumulate data that undermines the normal good.† â€Å"Jesus Christ†-Hale murmured â€Å"you sound like you’ve been conditioned by Strathmore. You know damn well the FBI can’t tune in at whatever point they need they’ve got the chance to get a warrant. A spiked encryption standard would mean the NSA could tune in to anybody, whenever, anywhere.† â€Å"You’re right-as we ought to be capable to!† Susan’s voice was out of nowhere cruel. â€Å"If you hadn’t revealed the secondary passage in Skipjack, we’d approach each code we have to break, rather than exactly what TRANSLTR can handle.† â€Å"If I hadn’t found the back door,† Hale contended, â€Å"someone else would have. I spared your posteriors by revealing it when I did. Would you be able to envision the aftermath if Skipjack had been available for use when the news broke?† â€Å"Either way,† Susan shot back, â€Å"now we’ve got a neurotic EFF who think we set back entryways in all our algorithms.† Sound asked priggishly, â€Å"Well, don’t we?† Susan looked at him icily. â€Å"Hey,† he stated, chilling out, â€Å"the point is debatable now in any case. You constructed TRANSLTR. You’ve got your moment data source. You can peruse what you need, when you need no inquiries posed. You win.† â€Å"Don’t you mean we win? Last I heard, you worked for the NSA.† â€Å"Not for long,† Hale tweeted. â€Å"Don’t make promises.† â€Å"I’m genuine. Some time or another I’m escaping here.† â€Å"I’ll be crushed.† At that time, Susan ended up needing to revile Hale for everything that wasn’t going right. She needed to revile him for Digital Fortress, for her issues with David, for the way that she wasn’t in the Smokys-yet none of it was his shortcoming. Hale’s just deficiency was that he was repulsive. Susan should have been the greater individual. It was her duty as head cryptographer to keep the harmony, to instruct. Robust was youthful and gullible. Susan investigated at him. It was baffling, she thought, that Hale had the ability to be an advantage in Crypto, yet he still hadn’t got a handle on the significance of what the NSA did. â€Å"Greg,† Susan stated, her voice calm and controlled, â€Å"I’m under a great deal of weight today. I simply get agitated when you talk about the NSA like we’re a cutting edge unwelcome voyeur. This association was established for one reason to ensure the security of this country. That may include shaking a couple of trees and searching for the rotten ones every once in a while. I figure most residents would readily forfeit some security to realize that the trouble makers can’t move unchecked.† Robust said nothing. â€Å"Sooner or later,† Susan contended, â€Å"the individuals of this country need to put their trust some place. There’s a great deal of good out there-however there’s likewise a ton of terrible blended in. Somebody must have access to every last bit of it and separate the privilege from wrong. That’s our activity. That’s our obligation. Regardless, there is a slight door isolating majority rules system from insurgency. The NSA monitors that gate.† Robust gestured mindfully. â€Å"Quis custodiet ipsos custodes?† Susan looked perplexed. â€Å"It’s Latin,† Hale said. â€Å"From Satires of Juvenal. It implies ‘Who will monitor the guards?’ â€Å" â€Å"I don’t get it,† Susan said. † ‘Who will monitor the guards?’ â€Å" â€Å"Yeah. On the off chance that we’re the gatekeepers of society, at that point who will watch us and ensure that we’re not dangerous?† Susan gestured, uncertain how to react. Robust grinned. â€Å"It’s how Tankado marked every one of his letters to me. It was his most loved saying.† The most effective method to refer to Digital Fortress Chapter 31, Essay models

Symptoms of PTSD After a Sexual Assault

Symptoms of PTSD After a Sexual Assault PTSD Causes Print Symptoms of PTSD After a Sexual Assault By Matthew Tull, PhD twitter Matthew Tull, PhD is a professor of psychology at the University of Toledo, specializing in post-traumatic stress disorder. Learn about our editorial policy Matthew Tull, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on September 28, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD on September 28, 2019 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes & Risk Factors Treatment Living With In Children MixMike / Getty Images   The term sexual assault refers to a range of behaviors that involve unwanted sexual contact, such as sexual molestation or rape. Sexual assault is extremely common. Large surveys of people in the United States, for example, have found that as many as one-third of women will be sexually assaulted at some point in their lives. Survivors of childhood sexual assault have an increased likelihood of being assaulted again in adulthood. The experience of an attempted or completed rape can have a tremendous impact on a persons life. If you have been raped, it is important to pay attention to any subsequent changes in your thoughts or behavior, as they can greatly interfere with your ability to effectively function in different areas of your life. Psychological Changes As might be expected, a person who has been raped will generally experience high levels of distress immediately afterward. For example, rape may bring about strong feelings of shame, guilt, anxiety, fear, anger, and sadness. There is a stigma associated with rape which may further increase feelings of shame. These feelings may subside over time for some people; however, others will continue to experience some form of psychological distress for months or years.?? In addition, a rape survivor may develop symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).?? For example, nightmares or intrusive thoughts and memories may occur. They might feel as though they are always in danger or need to always be on guard, and may distrust other people. PTSD is not the only mental health disorder that may develop after a rape. It has also been found that rape survivors are at high risk for developing substance use disorders, major depression, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and eating disorders. The risk for these disorders may be greater for people who have experienced a sexual assault at a younger age. Physical Health Problems A rape can bring on a number of chronic physical conditions. For example, women who have been raped have been found to be more likely to experience chronic pelvic pain, arthritis, digestive problems, chronic pain, non-epileptic seizures, and more intense premenstrual symptoms. This is not surprising given that traumatic events in general (as well as the development of PTSD) are connected with the development of a number of physical health problems. It is also possible for a person to contract a sexually transmitted disease during an attempted or completed rape, leading to other physical health problems. Not surprisingly, rape can also lead to reproductive health problems. A rape survivor may experience low sexual desire and reduced sexual behavior. If sexual activities are engaged in, they may not derive much satisfaction or pleasure from those activities and may experience pain, fear, or anxiety. Shame and guilt stemming from the rape can also interfere with the desire for and satisfaction from sex. Survivors of childhood sexual assault are likely to have more severe sexual problems. Penetration during the sexual assault will also increase the risk for more sexual problems.?? Unhealthy Behaviors Rape survivors often engage in risky sexual behaviors such as not using protection or having a greater number of sexual partners.?? In addition, in an attempt to cope with the intense unpleasant emotions that come from being raped, many people will develop substance use problems or other unhealthy behaviors (such as self-injury). They may go to great lengths to avoid situations that feel potentially dangerous and may shy away from television shows, newspaper articles, or conversations that discuss sexual assault.?? Treating Psychological and Behavior Problems For many rape survivors, these symptoms will subside over time. However, for some, these symptoms may linger and even get worse. Fortunately, there are treatments available that have been found to be very successful in lessening the number of negative symptoms that can develop after a rape. Two such treatments are exposure therapy and cognitive-processing therapy. You can find a therapist in your area who provides these treatments. In addition, social support and learning how to manage emotions in a healthy way can be very helpful. Finally, there are a number of helpful resources on the web for rape survivors. Two such websites are the Rape, Abuse, and Incest National Network and the National Sexual Violence Resource Center.

Joy Luck Club Sexism Essay - 713 Words

Sexism and Authority in Chinese Culture In Amy Tan’s The Joy Luck Club the reader is able to look through the eyes of a chinese woman in the 1980’s, a time when men were seen as the superior sex when compared to females, in this age when a man gave an order to a women it was to be followed without hesitation. Characters in the book like Lena St. Clair and Lindo Jong were exposed to the idea of Sexism in their culture as they all have gone through instances where their own desires and dreams had been crushed by a man. For Lena her experience came from when her own husband, who also acts as her employer, denied her a raise only due to the fact that if a woman ranked above men it would be ‘Awkward’. As for Lindo her experience came from when†¦show more content†¦Lena saw herself as not good enough for Harold as he was a man with authority while she was just a Chinese-American woman who couldn’t find her own voice. Denounced by her own family and treated as a plastic toy for a child b y another, Lindo Jong has also had her fair share of sexism in her life. Lindo’s very first interaction with sexism occurred when she was a child. Lindo was promised to the Huang family as a wife. Throughout Amy Tan’s The Joy Luck Club, it is very easy to see that the book revolves around this idea of sexism and authority in chinese culture. This is seen when Lena St. Clair isn’t allowed to get a raise because she is a woman, when she is happy someone is standing up to her husband because she feels she can’t and or shouldn’t talk back, as well as when she feels she is not good enough for Harold because of how she acts due to how she was raised. This is also seen with Lindo Jong when she is given away to another family just because she can’t control the future, when she tries to stand up for herself but is cast to the side as the boy is looked at more favorably, and when she loses grip of what she wants to do with her life because her husban d has Gavin Andreoff, Page 3 consumed her life. The main theme of The Joy Luck Club is Sexism an Authority because in every characters thereShow MoreRelatedThe Movie, The Joy Luck Club, By Amy Tan1563 Words   |  7 PagesIn the movie, the Joy Luck Club, by Amy Tan, we see many examples of the challenges of intercultural translations. The movie portrays cultural conflict between Chinese culture and the American culture as portrayed by the lives of four mothers and their daughters. The mothers were born and raised in China, adopting the high-content Chinese culture, while their daughters, born and raised in America, adopted the low-context American culture. This movie clearly brings out the cultural clashes andRead MoreSadie Hawkins Day and Valentine Grams18321 Words   |  74 PagesBy Felicia Jin ABC^2, Make-A-Wish and Chinese clubs sold Valentine grams and treats Feb. 9-13, bringing the â€Å"sweets to sweeties† and funding for good causes. The gifts were purchased during the week and distributed to classes today. ABC^2 (Academically Better Children’s Club) held a bake sale for the first time in the Main Hall and will be donating their proceeds to the St. Jude’s Hospital. â€Å"It’s hard to say how much money we’re trying to raise because it’s our first time, but we’re hoping for aRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesArendt, University of Wisconsin, Green Bay Anke Arnaud, University of Central Florida Mihran Aroian, University of Texas, Austin Gary Ballinger, Purdue U niversity Deborah Balser, University of Missouri at St. Louis Christopher Barlow, DePaul University Joy Benson, University of Wisconsin at Green Bay Lehman Benson III, University of Arizona Jacqui Bergman, Appalachian State University Anne Berthelot, University of Texas at El Paso David Bess, Shidler College of Business at the University of Hawaii Bruce

A Clean, Well Lighted Place By Ernest Hemingway - 1628 Words

In Ernest Hemingway’s â€Å"A Clean, Well-Lighted Place† the use of plot, symbolism, characters, and theme creates an intricate and complex story line. The elements of plot keep the readers engaged by guiding the reader though the story. Hemingway emphasizes on despair, loneliness, and isolation as major themes in his short story to help the reader understand the main idea. The themes represent the challenge of finding meaning in life. He also challenges the reader’s understanding of compassion though the character’s actions and thoughts. Throughout the story the reader can recognize Hemingway’s idea that as an induvial grows older their outlook on life changes significantly. The setting of â€Å"A Clean, Well-Lighted Place† takes place in a cafe, the street, a bar, and the older waiter’s house. The actions and dialogue between the main characters take place in the cafà ©. Here, the â€Å"clean and pleasant† setting creates a relaxed mood and brings a since of order into the story. The use of setting helps enhance the mood of the scenes by creating a polished atmosphere. This could also represent the old man’s attempt of connecting to others to create a feeling of normality. Hemingway uses the street to act as a background for each of the settings. This setting is briefly presented when the waiters talk about the soldier and a girl walking on the street. Even though the street is not very significant, it connects each setting in the story by linking them together. Another setting found inShow MoreRelatedA Clean Well-Lighted Place, by Ernest Hemingway990 Words   |  4 Pages Ernest Hemingway’s short story, A C lean Well Lighted Place, created literary controversy when it was initially published in 1933. During this time, there were several literary critics concerned with the dialogue inconsistencies. In the original story, the reader would not be able to distinguish between the two waiters. Hemingway failure to identify the characters by name leaves the story flawed according to the literary critics. Hemingway does not go into the mind of any characters butRead MoreA Clean, Well Lighted Place By Ernest Hemingway1640 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"A Clean, Well-Lighted Place† is possibly one of Hemingway’s most excellent short stories. It depicts the techniques of his signature writing style. The narrative is a perfect example of an initiation story, a short story that focuses on the key character that comes across a concept, encounter, practice or knowledge he never knew. The characters in his story are the old man, young waiter, and the old waiter. Hemingway employs a num ber of literary tools in the story to convey his themes of lifeRead MoreA Clean, Well Lighted Place By Ernest Hemingway1034 Words   |  5 PagesErnest Hemingway developed his own style of writing and follows it in â€Å"A Clean, Well-Lighted Place†. Hemingway’s elegance in writing is such that he indirectly gives all of the information to the reader without making any judgment; thus allowing one to create an opinion about every minute detail of the story. Hemingway illustrates his foundations of writing in â€Å"A Clean, Well-Lighted Place† by providing small clues that provide an indirect view of the larger meaning. Hemingway illustrates one ofRead MoreA Clean, Well Lighted Place By Ernest Hemingway1950 Words   |  8 Pageseverything humanity values in life is utterly meaningless. The author Ernest Hemingway is one of the few people who understands this concept of a pointless life. In his short story, â€Å"A Clean, Well-Lighted Place,† Hemingway reveals the principle of existentialism, that life is inherently meaningless and people must attempt to give their own lives purpose, through an analysis of the inner workings of life as a human. Hemingway first reveals life’s meaningless nature through a description of the coreRead MoreA Clean, Well Lighted Place By Ernest Hemingway1024 Words   |  5 PagesWhen profound emotions and heartfelt experiences lay beneath a narrative subtext, a simple short story can become an elaborate puzzle where one continues to discover new pieces. Ernest Hemingway’s, â€Å"A Clean, Well-Lighted Place† is a fascinating short story that has a powerful theme of ‘nothingness’ and ‘loneliness’ enveloped beneath its dialogue. This short story’s re-readability pulls us, the reader, back into its’ text just to discover that a specific character’s dialogue could elude to yet anotherRead MoreA Clean, Well Lighted Place By Ernest Hemingway1854 Words   |  8 PagesErnest Hemingway is a noble prize winner that is noticed as one of the great American twentieth century writers, and is known for works like â€Å"The Sun Also Risesâ⠂¬  and â€Å"For Whom the Bell Tolls†. When first reading Ernest Hemingway’s short story â€Å"A Clean, Well-Lighted Place† it seemed to be a plain, emotionless, and almost not finished short story. Although, as the reader looks deeper into the short story, they realize it’s not just about a clean, quiet, well lighted cafà © that has two employees thatRead MoreA Clean, Well Lighted Place By Ernest Hemingway972 Words   |  4 Pagesin a Clean, Well-Lighted Place Despair is an emotion that can rob one’s joy, inner peace, and eventually, life. The desire for serenity is usually sought after by a person whose life is futile and is at his or her wit’s end. That individual is usually left with no other alternative but to come to the realization that if he or she fails at his or her attempts (such as suicide) to alleviate despair, then the opportunity of finding peace and comfort is an alternative worth pursuing. In Ernest Hemingway’sRead MoreA Clean, Well Lighted Place By Ernest Hemingway849 Words   |  4 Pagesin life, and try to make rational existing in an irrational universe. The fact that humans are conscious of their mortality, and must make decisions about their life is basically what existentialism is all about. In the story â€Å"A clean, Well-lighted place† by Ernest Hemingway was about two waiters waiting to close up the restaurant/cafà © for the night. They only had one customer left, an old man who wa s deaf and drunk. But he wasn’t causing any trouble, just keeping to himself. The two waiters apparentlyRead More Nothingness in A Clean Well-Lighted Place by Ernest Hemingway1369 Words   |  6 PagesNothingness in A Clean Well-Lighted Place by Ernest Hemingway Man is often plagued by the question of his own existence. Existentialism is a subjective philosophy that is centered upon the examination of man’s existence, emphasizing the liberation, responsibility, and usually the solitude of the individual. It focuses on individuals finding a reason for living within themselves. The philosophy forces man to make choices for himself, on the premise that nothing is preordained, there is no fateRead MoreA Clean, Well-Lighted Place, by Ernest Hemingway Essay examples1296 Words   |  6 Pagesmeans by which we arrive at that goal. For Ernest Hemingway, the characters that he places in his stories are forever searching for peace. Much like in life itself, the achievement of temporary peace throughout the path of a lifetime can be both minute and momentous. The writer uses the literary devices of indirect characterization, setting and symbolism in order to enhance his final classification of peace. In Hemingways A Clean Well-Lighted Place, the author uses literary devices to define

The Main Cause of Global Warming Free Essays

Pollution Is not a simple problem that the world Is facing; actually pollution Is the reason behind the occurring of global warming. Global warming refers to the increase of temperature on the earth’s surface. For every action there is a cause and effect. We will write a custom essay sample on The Main Cause of Global Warming or any similar topic only for you Order Now Global warming is one of the biggest problems that the world is facing nowadays. There are many solutions that we can go for to prevent the massive problems that might happen later on in the future. Introduction: â€Å"We† as human beings we want to survive and live in a planet that might not be armful for our health. Sadly we’re not recognizing what damages we’re leaving behind us because of the several kinds of pollution that we made by ourselves. There are several kinds of pollution some are visible like air, water, and human pollution while others are invisible. Those kinds of pollutions are affecting our planet In a dangerous way that might lead us to a global warming one day. â€Å"Air pollution occurs when the air contains gases, dust, fumes in harmful amounts. † Air pollution is affecting humans health in a negative way like causing cancer, birth effects and genetic mutations. Air pollution is affecting our environment as well, since its affecting â€Å"the ozone layer in the atmosphere and it can increase the amount of ultraviolet radiation reaching the earth, where It damages crops and plants and can lead to skin cancer and cataracts. † According to the UNEVEN scientists, they estimated that the pollution in the cloud contributes to at least 700,000 premature deaths every year. This shows how the air pollution is affecting our environment and human beings. Some of the everyday things are the main things of causing air illusion like: automobile emissions, tobacco smoke, combustion of coal, acid rain, noise pollution from cars and construction, power plants, manufacturing buildings, large ships, paint fumes, aerosol sprays, wildfires, and nuclear weapons. To help the environment and the human health we should work on keeping the planet clean from air pollution. â€Å"The number one way to prevent air pollution is to walk or bike more and drive less. This will prevent fossil fuels from polluting the air. â€Å"Water pollution Is the Introduction of chemical, biological and physical matter Into argue bodies of water that degrade the quality of life that lives In It and consumes It. † Factories, refineries, waste treatment facilities, mining, pesticides, herbicides, fertilizers, human sewage, oil spills, failing septic systems, soap from washing your car, oil and antifreeze leaking from cars, household chemicals, and animal waste ar e the main sources that can cause water pollution. â€Å"The best way to prevent water pollution Is to not throw trash and other harmful chemicals Into our water supplies. Construction. Agriculture can cause land pollution because of â€Å"the local pests that have existed for hundreds of years along with the new invasive species so they are laden with chemicals that are not found in nature†. Soil pollution and waste disposal are examples of land pollution. Deforestation can cause land pollution as well because of the endless trees that people are cutting every single day and this causes the land to be imbalanced. Construction can release chemicals that can inhibit the growth of plants and animals. By decreasing the amount of papers we’re using we can decrease the amount of trees that we’re cutting every single day which this is the reason behind the land pollution. Global warming is happening now. Our planet temperature is increasing way more than it is supposed to be. Obviously â€Å"we† are the reason behind what’s happening in the world. Since we’re overloading our atmosphere with carbon dioxide it’s raising the planets temperature. Before its too late, we should follow some instructions to prevent the global warming from getting worse. How to cite The Main Cause of Global Warming, Papers

Multigenerational Workforce free essay sample

Abstract Managing a 21st century labor force is becoming more complex as the marketplace becomes increasingly global. It is vital that organizations understand the challenges and benefits of effectively managing a diverse workforce in order to maintain a competitive advantage. While diversity in the workplace can take many forms (race, gender, religion, etc. ) this paper specifically examines generational diversity. This is the first time in history where there are four generations employed in the workforce. As such, it is imperative that managers â€Å"recognize what motivates each generation to develop effective communication tools to minimize conflict, progressive HR and work-life strategies to attract and retain key talent, and management practices to enhance productivity† (Boston College Center for Work and Family). This primary focus of this research paper is to examine each generation’s values, preferences, and provides managers with ways to minimize generational conflict. When managers obtain generational competence, organizations are able to maximize their human capital by increasing employee knowledge and experience. We will write a custom essay sample on Multigenerational Workforce or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This new type of competence will provide organizations with a competitive advantage in the 21st century marketplace and beyond. Diversity as a concept in today’s business world focuses on a broader set of qualities than race and gender. Knowing how to effectively manage diversity in the workplace is one of the greatest challenges for 21st century managers. In the context of the workplace, valuing diversity means creating a workplace that respects and includes differences, recognizing the unique contributions that individuals with many types of differences can make, and creating a work environment that maximizes the potential of all employees. Historically speaking, this is the first time four generations of employees are active within the workforce: Traditionalists, Baby Boomers, Generation X, and Generation Y. â€Å"The plummeting economy is sending many workers back to the job market as layoffs and cutbacks abound; the massive losses of retirement savings are driving older workers back into the workforce in record numbers† (Lieber, 2010). Additionally, due to advances in healthcare, life expectancy has increased allowing workers to remain in the workforce well after retirement age. These are only three reasons for the four generations working together. While most research on the multigenerational workforce focuses on the differences between the generations, little has been documented regarding their similar values: family, respect, and trustworthy leaders (Boston College). When managing multiple generations, it is important to remember that managers must not use a â€Å"one size fits all† approach. If the generations in the workforce are managed effectively, â€Å"they create opportunities for collaboration and synergy among the different generations of workers, giving the organization a competitive edge† (Lee Hecht Harrison). Multigenerational Workforce It is an essential skill set for 21st century managers to understand what makes each generation unique, their expectations, values, attitudes, as well as the strengths and weakness each generation person brings to the organization. â€Å"These four generations of workers are now competing for and/or holding positions in the work-place, and may have to work with each other for as many as 10 more years (Cekada, 2012). With the right tools it is possible for the generations to work cohesively and give the organization a competitive advantage. Most generational conflicts arise due to a lack of understanding which is why examining the defining moments which helped to shape each generation within society will help to build the foundational knowledge for managing each group of generational employees. In order to fully understand how each generation might interact as an organizational whole, a clear understanding of what shaped each of the four generational groups individually is a critical starting point for any organization. Traditionalists. The Traditionalists are those workers who were born before 1946 and make up approximately 8% of the United States workforce. World War II, the Great Depression, Korean War, and the emergence of labor unions helped to shape their world growing up. They are extremely loyal to the companies that they work for and have a wealth of knowledge and work experience. Traditionalists have respect for their superiors and believe that their loyalty to their organization should be the basis for an employee’s climb up the corporate ladder. They feel most comfortable working for a traditional hierarchical business structure. TraditionalistsNeeds, approaches expectations. Traditionalists need respect and thrive on structure. They believe in working hard now and receiving gratification/rewards later. As previously mentioned they respect authority; are very task oriented; and have a strong work ethic. They prefer to have formal relationships with those positioned above them and expect their supervisors to tell them what to do. Traditionalists can be resistant to change, because they tend to believe that the current process works effectively. These individuals will put the needs of the company before what may be best for themselves as an individual. Traditionalists are more receptive to face-to-face interaction with co-workers as well as supervisors. Because they are the oldest employee generational group they tend to be resistant to wholesale change. However, many are still eager to continue learning about new technologies that are incorporated into the workplace. Managers must not neglect these workers from leadership and development trainings. Managing Traditionalists Currently the United States has over 1 million workers who are over the age of 75. These workers have a wealth of knowledge that if a company fails to transfer that knowledge to younger employees, that knowledge will be lost when Traditionalists retire. When managing Traditionalist employees, supervisors must respect the knowledge and experience these worker bring to the workplace. Larry and Meagan Johnson identified several ways that managers can effectively work with Traditionalists. They are: 1. Find interesting ways to get older workers engaged and to contribute their considerable experience, knowledge, and perspective 2. Show Traditionalists that you are willing to work hard to earn the loyalty of your elders 3. Be smart about and sensitive to what motivates older workers to perform, produce, and excel 4. Be creative and figure out ways to tailor one’s management approach to the very distinct working styles and preferences of older workers Traditionalists are the least technologically savvy generational group and as a result, may not feel comfortable using Internet, e-mail, web conferencing, and other social media tolls that are second nature to other generational groups. While they may not be as up to date with the recent innovations in technology, many are willing to learn how to use the new tools in the workplace. If management overlooks this age bracket because they think Traditionalists are too set in their ways. This can negatively impact productivity in the workplace, including fundamental training issues such as knowledge transfer. It is important for management to remember that Traditionalists must remain engaged with their work. These employees can â€Å"disengage if they believe the organization, management, or coworkers do not respect the value of a lifetime’s worth of experience† (Lieber, 2010). Baby Boomers Those born between 1946 and 1964 make up the Baby Boomer generation. These employees experienced the Vietnam War, the civil rights movement, and man’s first steps on the moon. This is also the first time that large numbers of women entered the workforce. Baby Boomers comprise 41% of the workforce and just recently reached the start of the â€Å"typical† retirement age on 1/1/11. While they are beginning to reach an appropriate retirement age, many have no intent on retiring in the near future. This group is known for challenging rules and place high value on personal satisfaction, obtaining high achievements and enjoys receiving recognition for their accomplishments. Baby BoomersNeeds, approaches, and expectations. Due to numerical dominance of this generational group, it is important for managers to retain these employees for as long as possible. Like Traditionalists, they have a vast wealth of work knowledge and experience that will need to be passed down to Generation X and Millennials. Baby boomers demonstrate a more independent work style than the other generational groups. Due to significant characteristic, managers must find a way to let them take ownership of assignments. This generation struggles the most with finding balance between their work and personal lives. Because this generation comprises the largest section of the workforce, retaining these workers and their knowledge is vital to management in developing and effective efficient succession-leadership plan. To facilitate the transition away from the Baby Boomer generation, it is important for managers to be aware that these workers will most likely remain in the workforce well past the normal retirement age. Managing Baby Boomers Baby Boomers enjoy being recognized for their achievements and often times do not enjoy sharing praise. While these employees have a more independent working style than their predecessors, â€Å"boomers promote collaborative efforts and prefer business decisions to be made by consensus† (Lieber, 2010). Much like Traditionalists, Boomers enjoy having loyalty to their company. It is important that these members are incorporated into mentoring programs to assist with knowledge transfer. When training this generation managers need to draw on employees past experiences, include case studies and facilitate discussion sessions. Generation X Generation X-ers (1965-1980) are considered to be the best educated of the four generations and make up 30% of working United States employees. They live to work, rather than work to live. â€Å"The emphasis of Generation X is more on close friends and virtual families than no material success or traditional associations† ( ). In addition, this generation marked the advent of the dual-income family. As such, Generation Xers elect to accept change rather than challenge rules like the Baby Boomer generation did. Generation X grew up with Operation Desert Storm, the fall of the Berlin Wall, AIDS, and the start of the video game era. Needs, approaches, and expectations. This generation expects managers to utilize direct communication where expectations are clearly stated and to take the time to â€Å"explain how successfully completing the task at hand can serve them† (Beekman, 2011). Managing Generation X. Generation Y (1981-1994) The youngest employees in the workforce, Generation Y otherwise known as Millennia’s, were born from 1981-1994. These employees comprise 21% of the workforce and this number is increasing rapidly as Traditionalists and Baby Boomers retire. It is also interesting to note, â€Å"the number of young people in the United States without jobs has exploded to 53. 4 percent – a post-World War II high† (Lieber, 2010). This generation likes to create rules for themselves and find it hard to separate their professional lives from their personal lives. September 11, the digital age, Enron, and web-based social networking all shaped the world for these employees. Generation YNeeds, approaches, and expectations. Unlike the preceding three generations, members of Generation Y are extremely devoted to their careers and have little loyalty to the actual company or organization. These employees look for meaningful work that will have a positive impact on the world and are always looking for a way to leave their mark. Generation Y has never known a world without technology and consequently they are able to adapt to the changes, especially in technology, that occur rapidly in today’s world with ease. They also have a much different view of workplace norms than their counterparts as they do not like to have their work environment limited by cubicles, corner offices, and walls. These employees expect employer’s to implement flexible working schedules to accommodate their busy lifestyles. Generation Y learns best by doing, rather than in the classroom as they tend to be visual learners. Immediacy is a high priority for this generation. It is important for older managers to not take offence if an employee prefers to correspond via e-mail or text as it may be the fastest way for communication and getting the task at hand done. Managing Generation Y. This new type of generation always needs to be engaged and challenged. Additionally, â€Å"they want their managers to relate to them and value their contributions† (Kyles, 2005). They require flexible work schedules so that they are able to have a good work-life balance as they do not allow their careers to consume them. They will need to have a connection with their organization and their purpose within the company must be well known. To assist with this, managers can explain to employees the importance of their job responsibilities and how they impact the company and the world around them. Because this group is digital natives, it is important that company policy regarding cell phone and computer use during work hours is clearly explained. This will allow them to be most productive during their work hours. Managing the Generations Customizing one’s managerial style to the specific needs and expectations from the four generations is a challenge in and of itself. One additional key area where conflict may arise between the generations in the workplace is the use of technology. Technology (Tracey Cekada) The advances in technology that the world has experienced in the past few decades have drastically changed the way the world does business. What previously took hours, days, weeks, or even months to complete can now be done in a fraction of the time. While the two younger generations have grown up with and are comfortable using technology, the Baby Boomers and Traditionalists may need some additional time to get acclimated to the advances in technology that have occurred in the past few decades. Managers must be mindful that effectively utilizing technology may not come as easy to older employees; they challenge should not be generalized t suggest that Traditionalists are incompetent. Rather, managers need to find a balance between having the older generations work with new tools so they feel comfortable by effectively training these employees irrespective of their chronological age. Knowledge Management In the upcoming two decades, Traditionalists will be removed completely from the workforce and with them a vast amount of knowledge and work experience. According Roxanne Stevens, â€Å"42% of corporate knowledge resides in the brains of the workforce, [and as a result], companies are directly and severely affected by the knowledge loss of their departing senior executives† (Stevens, 2010). It order to minimize the loss of knowledge, organizations should implement a mentoring program as well as having a well thought out succession plan in place. A mentoring program is one of the most effective ways to help bridge the generational gap in the workplace. This type of knowledge management will help Traditionalists feel valued and respected while they are mentoring a younger generation employee. Additionally, because Traditionalists and Baby Boomers have been in the workforce the longest they have been able to develop extensive business relationships. Generation Yers can also impart some of their technical knowledge onto some of the less familiar employees. â€Å"Generation Y employees should modestly offer their expertise and remain open to opportunities to glean knowledge from experienced colleagues in other areas† (McDonald, 2008). The relationships between different internal departments and external organizations can continue to be productive long after the Traditionalists and Baby Boomers have retired if these relationships are natured through succession planning and focused mentorship programs. Mentorships can go both ways Looking ahead, organizations must have a strategic workforce plan (SWP) in place. If an organization waits until their older workers have exited the workforce to begin looking for replacements, it will be too late and the success of the organization will be at risk. One way to ensure the company does not fall victim to this trap is to develop a very specific leadership-succession plan. This type of planning can take years to develop to ensure that the goal of hiring or promoting the most qualified replacement is met and exceeded in all key leadership positions. During the process, it is important that â€Å"HR practitioners need to ensure their companies engage in a process where experienced workers review the current procedures, policies, guidelines, and customer data and determine which are still valid and which need updating† (Jenkins, 2008). Knowledge transfer should be one of the top priorities of the leader who is planning to exit. Workforce Accommodations As a manager, it is important for companies to reasonably create choices within the workplace. Some reasonable accommodation choices can include: telecommuting, education, and flexible schedules. It is important that employees are provided with flexible options, when appropriate, for how their work-life will operate, while ensuring overall organizational productivity. This focused approach will foster higher quality of work-life satisfaction, and as a result, help with retaining quality employees throughout the organizational environment. Offering employees the option of telecommuting greatly helps the younger generations (X Y) balance their work and home lives. As more women enter the workforce, this can allow women to remain active in the workforce if they decide to take time of to have children, or take care of elderly parents as an example. Telecommuting is another great way for companies to continue to retain Traditionalists knowledge in the event that they are unable to physically make it to a worksite. Telecommunication can be cost effective for companies, as well as being environmentally friendly. Traditionalists and Baby Boomers may not be as eager as the other generations are to use this technological advancement as it minimizes actual human interaction. With a little training and development and an understanding for the benefits of using telecommunication in the workplace, depending on the job this is a very effective way to manage the generational gap. Ensuring that your organization has quality training for all employees is another way to reduce the possibility of generational conflicts. Training on diversity in the workplace is one way for employees to achieve an appreciation and respect for one another’s differences. The mentoring program mentioned earlier is one way that younger employees can learn business practices from the experience of their older mentor. All employees need to be included in trainings that are pertinent to their job position such as business process updates, policy changes, and new software implementation. Additional training, which is beneficial to employees, is leadership and formal educational training. By taking the time to invest in employees education organizations are investing in their future. Flexible schedules are another option for effectively managing multiple generations. â€Å"Flexibility is the key to continuing success when dealing with different generations existing, leaving and entering the workplace over time (Macon, 2009). Furthermore, by offering flexible schedule plans to employees, this can increase younger generations’ quality of work life and assist with providing work/home life balance. For the older generations, they should still be offered the opportunity to take advantage of having a non-traditional schedule even if they respectfully decline. More and more organizations are moving away from the traditional 9-5-business day. Managers are beginning to see that as long as employees are able to get their job assignments and responsibilities accomplished in less time, then there is no need to require them to be at the office longer than necessary. Providing flexible scheduling to older employees shows that you respect the time that they have invested in the company and are willing to work with them if they choose to increase their pursuit of personal interests. Regardless of the generation or combinations of generations that managers oversee, they must remember to keep all employees engaged in their work. Understanding the value that each employee can add to the success of the company should be maximized. Being able to listen and understand the different wants, needs and expectations of your workforce will play a large role in effectively managing the generation gap within any organization. By being able to tailor one’s management style to fit generational preferences, this will ensure the success of your human capital strategy which is essential to overall business success. Lastly, managers must remember that the â€Å"key stage in the diversity program will be measuring its results and effectiveness. That part of the process will help us examine our accomplishments with an eye toward improving our efforts† (Scott Jr. , 2007). If this final aspect is neglected, organizations are unable to see how successful or unsuccessful their programs were and are unable to make appropriate adjustments.